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Watermelon

Citrullus lanatus (SIT-troo-lus la-NAY-tus)

Family: Cucurbitaceae Non-native Vine (vertical)

Watermelon is an annual, prostrate, vining vegetable that produces large, spherical to oval, edible, wet, fleshy fruits. It is a member of the Cucurbitaceae (cucumber) family and originated in Africa. Watermelon is easily grown from seed and does best in areas with long warm summers. Plant after all chance of frost has passed and the ground is warm. Choose a site that receives full sun and has loamy soil with a neutral pH. Keep the soil moist but not soggy. Harvest the fruit only when ripe. There are more than 1000 watermelon cultivars available. Vines can be up to 10 feet wide. The juicy fruits mature late summer and can weigh 6 to 60 pounds or more. The fruit is generally red with seeds but can also be pink or yellow. Seedless varieties are available. Click here to see a calendar of planting schedules, time-to-harvest, and recommended spacing. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Plants are susceptible to mites, squash vine borers, aphids, squash bugs, stink bugs, cutworms, pickleworm, cucumber beetles, downy and powdery mildews, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, blossom end rot, and anthracnose. Pollination may be hindered by cold rainy weather. Stress from heat, excessive water ,or poor pollination may result in poor fruit set. VIDEO Created by Homegrown featuring Penny Perkins-Veazie , Professor and Postharvest Physiologist at NC State's Plants for Human Health Institute

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 57 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Vegetable; Vine; Warm Season Vegetable
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 4 in. - 0 ft. 8 in. | Width: 5 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Prostrate; Spreading
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Denticulate; Lobed
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Large heart or oval-shaped leaves are hairy, especially on the underside veins. Palmately lobed with 3-5 lobes and may have secondary lobes. Margins are toothed, 3-8 inches long by 2-6 inches wide.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower form
Solitary
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Separate male and female flowers develop on the same plant (monoecious) on a short stalk at a solitary leaf axil. There are 5 sepals and a 5-part corolla. The female flower has an inferior ovary and the male flower has 3 stamens. Melons develop from the female flower if successfully fertilized by the male flower.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Green
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
> 3 inches long, > 3 inches wide
Fruit detail
The plant produces melons which are large modified berries called a pepo. They are rounded to oval mottled green with darker green rind. Black, cream or mottled colored elliptic seeds. Flesh general red or pink but can also be yellowish.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Dense woolly hairs on round to angular stems with curly tendrils
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Africa
Attracts
Bees
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

The fruit can be eaten raw or pickled. The rind is edible after cooking.

Landscape Use
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Garden tags
#vegetable garden #warm season vegetable #edible fruits #edible garden #vine #yellow flowers #fruits summer #early childhood #showy fruits #annual #child #children #preschool #early care #easy edibles #hortcontest #edible
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Cucurbits
Disease problems
Blossom-End Rot of Tomato, Pepper, and Watermelon; Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon; Weed Management in Watermelon
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.