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Carolina coralbead

Cocculus carolinus (KOK-yoo-lus kair-oh-LY-nus)

Family: Menispermaceae Native Vine (vertical)

Carolina Moonseed is a deciduous, flowering, woody vine in the Moonseed family that is native to the Carolinas and found in in rocky open woods, glades, fence rows, roadsides and alongside streams. As a vine, the plant will climb with thin twining stems, or scramble along the ground to a length of 12 feet or longer. The flowers of this plant are insignificant, but the leaves are large, about twice as long as they are wide, and the attractive red fruit is considered showy. However, the plant will not usually produce fruit for the first few years after planting. The genus name comes from the Greek word kokkos meaning berry and the species name means from North or South Carolina. Carolina Moonseed does best in average well-drained soils in full sun to part shade, although it does tolerate a wide range of soils and growing conditions. It will tolerate cold, but it does tend to partially die back in the winter, especially if it is sited in an unprotected location. When deciding on a site for this plant, also consider that it is a strong grower and will spread rapidly. Once the root is established, it can be difficult to remove. The plant will do best supported by a trellis, arbor, or fence, or woven through large shrubs and can be pruned back to maintain a desired size. The seeds of Carolina Moonseed are shaped like the shell of a snail (hence, one of its common names). The plant is occasionally found in the wild, but is relatively rare. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests. Carolina Moonseed will spread rapidly and can become weedy.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 55 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Vine
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 10 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing; Creeping; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous; Semi-evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Ovate; Spatulate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Dark green, glossy leaves to 4 inches long) are of varying shapes ranging from oval to heart-shaped to triangular.
Flower color
Green; White
Flower form
Insignificant; Raceme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Tiny greenish white flowers bloom in June and July in loose, drooping, terminal and axillary clusters.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit detail
Loose clusters of shiny, dark red, pea sized fruit display from September to October. The single crescent-shaped seed inside each drupe resembles a third quarter moon or small snail shell.
Stem detail
Twining stems allow the plant to climb. Stems are not very woody and easily broken.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Southeastern United States.
Distribution
Virginia south to Florida, west to Texas, Mexico.
Wildlife value
This plant attracts birds and it is often used as shelter by mid-sized mammals.
Attracts
Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Drupe

Edibility

The "berries" (technically drupes) are enjoyed by birds, but not edible by humans.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden
Garden tags
#deciduous #drought tolerant #showy fruits #red fruits #native vine #NC native #winter interest #fast growing #Christmas decorations #food source herbage #Coastal FAC #Piedmont Mountains FAC #food source soft mast fruit #food source fall #bird friendly #Audubon #winter fruits #vine #woodland #climber #twining
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Particularly resistant to
Heat, drought, and soil compaction tolerant.
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.