Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

African Spurge

Euphorbia resinifera (yoo-FOR-bee-ah res-in-IH-fer-ah)

Family: Euphorbiaceae Unknown Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Resin spurge is a species that is native to Morocco and is found on the slopes of the Atlas Mountains. This plant has erect succulent stems that have the appearance of a cactus. The plant is a dense, slow-growing shrub forming a multi-stemmed, cushion-shaped clump that can grow 1 to 2 feet tall and spread 4 to 6 feet wide. The specific epithet, resinifera, means "resin-bearing" and references that the toxic sap that the stems exude when cut or damaged. This plant belongs to the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). The resin spurge prefers full sun to partial shade and is tolerant of sandy and rocky soils. It requires well-drained soils and very little watering during most of the year. From spring to fall, water this plant when the top 1-inch of the soil feels dry, and reduce watering during the winter months.It needs just enough water to keep it from wilting. It is dry soils and drought tolerant, as well as, deer and rabbit resistant. It is winter hardy in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-11. It may be propagated by stem cuttings. The resin spurge branches profusely and stem segments are readily available. Allow stem segments (propagules) to dry for a week before planting so the wound can seal. Unsealed cuttings, planted too soon, will easily rot before they can grow roots. Resin spurge has a stiff, mounding form with bluish to lime green stems. It is generally leafless with the stems providing photosynthesis. The ascending branches are pale green with four ridges, short, sharp spines and has small, inconspicuous flowers. The flowers are simple, and bright yellow, and flowering occurs along the ribs of the stems. It rarely flowers when planted outside of its native range. When the stems are damaged or cut, they exude a thick, milky sap that is toxic. The resin spurge may be used in warmer climates as border planting, container planting, or as an accent plant in a rock garden or drought tolerant garden. It is sometimes used as a houseplant. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No significant insects or disease problems. Monitor for mealybugs, spider mites, and scale. Overwatering can cause root rot. All parts of this plant are toxic. Keep children and pets away from this plant. Wear gloves to prevent contact with the toxic milky sap.. VIDEO Created by Laura Barth for "Houseplants, Succulents, and Cacti," a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Euphorbia .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub; Succulent
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
6-feet-12 feet
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Ascending; Dense; Erect; Mounding
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Insignificant
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Generally leafless.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Orange
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flowers are small, simple, and bright yellow. All plants in this genus have a special flowering structure known as a cyathium. It has a cup with glands around the outside, and small flowers are in the center. For this species the glands are yellow-orange, and the flower is a pale greenish-yellow. Flowering occurs along the ribs of the stems. Blooming occurs in the spring to early summer.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
A small capsule with one seed in each cell.
Stem color
Blue; Green
Stem detail
The stems are erect, columnar, succulent, superficially like a cactus, four-angled, with short but sharp pairs of 0.24 inch spines on the angles, spaced about 0.39 inches apart up the stem. The stem color is bluish to lime green.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Morocco
Distribution
Introduced: Spain
Play value
Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Toxic

Uses (ethnobotany)

This species is one of the oldest medicinal plants. It has been used as a purgative, emetic, and for snakebite treatment.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio
Landscape theme
Rock Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border
Garden tags
#houseplant #succulent #shrub #poisonous #problem for children #problem for dogs #contact dermatitis #problem for cats #rabbit resistant #mounding #rock garden #dry soils tolerant #low maintenance #drought tolerant #poisonous if ingested #spines #border #deer resistant #poisonous to livestock #problem for horses #poisonous to pets #container plant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Rabbits
Propagation
Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
The milky white latex sap found in all plant parts can cause mild to severe contact dermatitis. If contact with the eyes occurs the sap can cause temporary to permanent damage to the cornea. If eaten, blistering can occur on lips and oral mucosa. Avoid ingesting plant parts and keep plants away from pets and children.
Toxic principle
Diterpene esters in milky latex
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.