Baboon Flower

Freesia (FREE-see-ah)

Family: Iridaceae Non-native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Freesia is a genus of fragrant, herbaceous perennials that are grown from conical-shaped corms. There are 16 accepted species, but hybrids are the most common forms. The plant has an erect, leafless, wiry stem, growing 1 to 2 feet tall, with narrow, sword-like leaves. The 5 to 10 funnel-shaped flowers are borne on a one-sided raceme at the top of the stem. Depending on the species or cultivar, the flower color varies from blue, lavender, orange, pink, purple, red, and white, and bicolored. The genus is a member of the iris family (Iridaceae) and is native to Kenya and as far south as South Africa. Freesias were first introduced in Europe in the 19th century. The genus name, Freesia , honors Dr. Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Freese, a German physician and botanist. Freesias prefer full sun to partial shade, and cool daytime and nighttime temperatures. Daytime temperatures of 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and nighttime temperatures between 40 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit are best. They also prefer mild, frost-free climates and are hardy in zones 9 to 10. A moist, well-drained, organic-rich soil with a neutral pH is recommended. If the corms are planted in succession, you will enjoy a longer flowering season. Young plants should be fertilized every 2 weeks with a liquid fertilizer after they are about 6 inches tall. For overwintering, the corms need to be lifted from the soil and stored to protect them from cold temperatures. They may be replanted each spring from the harvested corms, or fresh bulbs may be purchased each year. Freesias are best propagated by division. They may also be propagated from seeds; however, it will take 1 to 2 years before the flowers appear. Freesias may also be planted in containers. These plants have a long tap root and will need a deep pot. Plant 6 to 8 corms, about 1 inch below the soil surface with the pointed end upwards and 1 to 2 inches apart, in an organic-rich potting mix with coarse sand or crushed rocks to provide good drainage. Due to the hot, humid summers in North Carolina, freesias are best grown as houseplants or in a greenhouse since they require cool nights for peak flowering. Plant them during the late summer for winter blooming. Locate them in a well-ventilated area with morning sun and afternoon shade. Freesia blooms make a good cut flower and are a favorite of florists, often used in wedding bouquets. The most popular cultivars originate from the species Freesia refracta and Freesia leichilinii , which are from South Africa. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Susceptible to aphids, thrips, slugs, and snails. Diseases such as bacterial leaf spot, iris leaf spot, fusarium wilt, root rot, viruses, and blights can occur. Avoid overwatering, as it can cause the corms to rot.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 49 attributes.