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Blue Cardinal Flower

Lobelia (loh-BEE-lee-ah)

Family: Campanulaceae Native Shrub

The Cardinal Flower ( Lobelia ) is a genus of 442 species of flowering plants in the bellflower family with a variety of characteristics. Some are annuals, others are perennials, some grow as 2 or 3 foot tall flowers, while others grow as shrubs. There are even some species that grow in water. However, the various species do share alternate, simple leaves and abundant, two-lipped tubular flowers in vibrant colors of white, red, or blue. In general, the Cardinal Flower is a well-traveled plant with species found in all parts of the world. The genus name honors Matthias de l'Obel, a 16th century French physician and botanist. The Cardinal Flower does best in rich, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. In general, the genus requires consistent moisture and some shade when grown in areas with hot summers. In the wild, Cardinal Flowers are most often found in bogs and along streams. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests. Snails and slugs are sometimes found among the foliage.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 41 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial; Perennial
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Hairs present
No
Flower color
Blue; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower shape
Irregular; Lipped; Tubular
Flower detail
White, scarlet, or blue, 5-parted, tubular and irregular-shaped with 2 lips. The colors tend to be intense and the blossoms abundant.
Fruit type
Capsule
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia
Distribution
Species can be found throughout the world.
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Many species are considered poisonous with a toxin similar to nicotine.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Children's Garden; Cottage Garden; Native Garden; Water Garden
Garden tags
#poisonous #children's garden #wet soils tolerant #pollinator plant #pollinator garden #NC native #hummingbird friendly #bee friendly #wetland margins #cottage garden #butterfly friendly #hanging baskets #water garden #division #herbaceous perennial #subshrub #shrub #native water plant
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Propagation
Division
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
TOXIC ONLY IF LARGE QUANTITIES EATEN. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, exhaustion and weakness, dilation of pupils, convulsions, and coma.
Toxic principle
Alkaloids lobelamine, lobeline, and others, plus a volatile oil
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.