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Bishop's Cap

Mitella diphylla (my-TEL-uh dy-FIL-uh)

Family: Saxifragaceae Native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Bishop's Cap is a flowering, herbaceous perennial in the saxifrage family and native to North America. It is a small plant, reaching about a foot in height or width. This slender, woodland plant with tiny white, fringed flowers of 5 delicate petals blooms in the spring. It has basal leaves that are heart-shaped and hairy-stemmed as well as a pair of similar, but stemless, leaves two-thirds up the flower stalk. The genus name, Mitella, means "little miter", because the shape of the mature seed capsules resembles a miter, a headdress worn by bishops in certain traditional Christian sects. The species name, diphylla, means "two-leaved", in reference to the two, opposite, cauline (non-basal) leaves on the flowering stalk. Bishop's Cap prefers a rich, moist, woodland setting where the soil is organically rich, acidic, well-drained, and consistently moist and there is abundant shade. It can tolerate drier soils or full shade conditions. The root system can produce vegetative colonies from rhizomes. The plant self-sows in a rich soil and can spread quickly. The flowering stalk has 1/8 inch white flowers spaced up to 1" apart along the stem and give the appearance of snowflakes. They are best viewed with a magnifying glass or hand lens to appreciate the geometry of the blossom. Bishop's Cap can be slow to establish and is picky about its growing conditions. Once it is settled in with the right level of shade and moisture, it can become a jewel in a spring shade garden. Because of the small flower size, plant where the flowers can be enjoyed up close. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 59 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 9 in. - 1 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 0 ft. 9 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Spreading
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Opposite
Leaf shape
Cordate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Crenate; Dentate; Lobed
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
A single pair of heart-shaped, three-lobed, toothed, stalkless leaves are half way up the flowering stalk. Basal leaves, up to 3 inches, are long-stalked, hairy, ovate, lobed and resemble maple leaves.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Five to twenty small, 1/8 inch, cup-shaped white flowers on a 4 to 8 inch, slender, elongated spike. Five fringed petals resemble a snowflake are arranged singly on the upper portion of a stem.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Black
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Small black seeds are held in open, upward facing mature fruit capsules, and are splash dispersed by raindrops. Fruit is shaped like a miter (bishop’s headdress), hence one of the common names.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The flowering stalk is slender, light green, and pubescent.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
North America from Quebec south to Georgia and west to Ohio.
Distribution
Northeast, central, and western United States.
Wildlife value
Flowers are pollinated by Syrphid flies and small short-tongued bees.
Attracts
Bees; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Specimen
Garden tags
#shade garden #spring interest #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #woodland #wildflower #flowers late spring #flowers early summer #herbaceous perennial #small flowers #evergreen perenial
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.