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Black Hills Spruce

Picea laxa (PY-see-uh LACK-sah)

Family: Pinaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

An evergreen conifer having a broad, dense pyramidal form when young, becoming narrow, compact and symmetrical with ascending branches with age. It grows in cool climates, cannot tolerate hot, humid summers. Air circulation is important to rid the dense foliage of excess moisture. Its needles have been described as 'skunky' or smell similar to cat urine when crushed. Its seed cones are pendulous, slender, and cylindrical. They have thin, flexible scales with a smoothly rounded margin. They start our green or reddish, turning brown 4 to 8 months after pollination. The short soft needles, pyramidal form, and stiff branches make it an excellent candidate for a Christmas tree. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: There are no serious insect or disease issues. It is sometimes effected by needle and stem rust, canker, trunk and root rot. Insects that can have an effect include yellow-headed spruce sawfly, spruce budworm, and eastern spruce beetle. Multiple infestations of mites, which is common, can seriously injure the plant. Does not perform well in an area affected by pollution or salt spray but it is one of the most tolerant spruces for wind, heat, cold, drought, and crowding.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 49 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Very Dry
Available space
12-24 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 40 ft. 0 in. - 60 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Pyramidal
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Blue; Green
Leaf type
Needles; Simple
Leaf feel
Prickly
Leaf size
< 1 inch long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
4-sided pale green to glaucous green needles. Blue-green above with several thin lines of stomata and Blue-white below with two broad bands of stomata.
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow; Green; Red/Burgundy
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
1-2.5" cones that are green in youth and pale brown when mature
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Bark detail
Thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates 2 to 4" across
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Canada, northern United States
Wildlife value
Deer, rabbits and grouse browse the foliage in winter
Attracts
Butterflies; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Pieces Used in Games; Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall

Uses (ethnobotany)

This wood is used to build house logs, musical instruments, and paddles. In addition, it is often used in construction as pulpwood and lumber.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Recreational Play Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Children's Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Barrier; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Specimen
Garden tags
#evergreen #wind tolerant #drought tolerant #conifer #hardy #winter interest #deer resistant #native garden #children's garden #bird friendly #butterfly friendly #heat tolerant #Christmas trees #acidic soils tolerant #playground plant #frost tolerant #winter cover
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Conifers; Deodar Weevil / Eastern Pine Weevil
Resistant to
Deer; Dry Soil; Heat; Wind
Propagation
Grafting; Leaf Cutting; Root Cutting; Seed; Stem Cutting
Fire risk
high flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.