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Bluff Oak

Quercus austrina (KWER-kus oss-TRY-nuh)

Family: Fagaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

Bluff Oak is a native, deciduous oak tree found along the southeast USA from North Carolina south into Florida and west into Mississippi. It naturally occurs on well-drained, rich bottomland soils along streams and on river bluffs. It is becoming endangered in some areas. The genus name, Quercus , is the Latin name for oak trees. It is small for an oak tree and the open rounded crown makes it a great shade tree. The fall colors are showy and the numerous acorns are loved by wildlife. Bluff Oak should be grown in full sun on well-drained soil and has good drought tolerance but is not salt tolerant. This tree can also tolerate periotic flooding and does well along streams or ponds. Grow a shade tree, along roads or in parks as it tolerates urban conditions well. Bluff oak compartmentalizes injuries protecting itself from decay. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems: Numerous insect and disease pests, but the damage is rarely significant. Susceptible to oak wilt, anthracnose, cankers, leaf spots, powdery mildew, and oak leaf blister. Potential pests include scales, oak skeletonizers, leaf miners, aphids, galls, orangestriped oakworm, buck moth, whitemarked tussock moth, and lace bugs. Chlorosis can occur if the pH in the soil is too high, resulting in iron deficiency. The many varieties of Quercus serve as host plants for the larvae of the Imperial moth ( Eacles imperialis) as well as a wide variety of butterflies, such as Banded hairstreak ( Satyrium calanus ) , Edward's hairstreak ( Satyrium edwardsii ) , Gray hairstreak ( Strymon melinus ) , White-m hairstreak ( Parrhasius malbum ) , Horace's duskywing ( Erynnis horatius ) , and Juvenal's duskywing ( Erynnis juvenalis ) . The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common pests and insects.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 72 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Quercus nigra

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
24-60 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 45 ft. 0 in. - 60 ft. 0 in. | Width: 35 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Open; Oval; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Obovate
Leaf margin
Entire; Lobed; Sinuate
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
4-8 inch long and 2-4 inch wide leaves are narrow with shallow, rounded, irregular lobes or can be sinuate. Green to gray-green color with secondary veins on each side. Young leaves will have hairs and mature leaves do not. Fall color is copper, orange or yellow.
Fall color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow; Orange
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Flower form
Catkin; Insignificant
Flower detail
Yellow-brown male catkins
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver
Fruit type
Nut
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The .5 to 1-inch brown acorns are oval and solitary or paired. They are 1/3 to 1/2 covered with a gray scaly cap. Matures in 1 year.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
The bark is scaly, pale gray and contains broad ridges.
Stem detail
Branchlets are dark brown, with prominent, corky, whitish lenticels. Buds are dark brown, pointed and pubescent.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
SE North America
Distribution
From Mississippi to the Carolinas
Wildlife value
Acorns attract squirrels and other mammals. Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida.
Attracts
Butterflies; Moths; Pollinators; Small Mammals
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Nut

Edibility

Acorns are edible if tannins are leached or boiled out.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Pond
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Native Garden; Nighttime Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Shade Tree; Specimen; Street Tree
Garden tags
#acorns #street tree #native tree #shade tree #deciduous tree #butterfly friendly #problem for horses #banded hairstreak butterfly #imperial moth #juvenal’s duskywing butterfly #edward’s hairstreak butterfly #nighttime garden #horace’s duskywing butterfly #white-m hairstreak butterfly #larval host plant #gray hairstreak butterfly #moth caterpillar host #full sun tolerant #pollinator plant #wildlife friendly #squirrel friendly #NC native #butterfly caterpillar host #oak
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Common Insect Pests of Oak in North Carolina; Oak Pest Management Calendar; Orangestriped Oakworm; Buck Moth; Whitemarked Tussock Moth
Disease problems
Common Disease Pests of Oak in North Carolina
Problems
Messy; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Leaves
Poison symptoms
Abdominal pain, constipation then diarrhea (occasionally bloody), depression, frequent urination, discolored urine, jaundice; acorns can obstruct the digestive tract
Toxic principle
Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Leaves

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.