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St. Augustinegrass

Stenotaphrum secundatum (sten-oh-TAF-rum see-kun-DAY-tum)

Family: Poaceae Native Groundcover

St. Augustinegrass is a spreading turfgrass native to warm regions of Africa and South America, as well as the southeastern U.S.A. Originating along the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, it can be found along sandy beaches, swamp and lagoons edges, island streams, lakes, marshes and along roadsides. It has naturalized throughout much of southern North America, Europe, northern and southern Africa, China, and Australia. It is commonly used as pasture grass and also grown as a lawn. This plant is heat tolerant and mildly drought tolerant. There are several cultivars of this plant available. This plant spreads by rhizomes and, if used as lawn grass, will rarely need mowing. It is sold as sod or plugs and is rarely propagated by seed. Its dense, tight structure makes it resistant to weed infestation. It's known to improve soil structure, enhance water infiltration rates and also increases the soils' water retention capacity. It can also be used as a ground cover under trees to promote soil conservation. When placed on slopes, it will serve as a form of erosion control. Grown as a lawn, it will grow in most soils that are found in the southern states. It has a high shade tolerance, making it a better choice than other southern grasses. Typically grown in full sun, it will tolerate full shade and semi-shaded locations. In fact, it is the most shade-tolerant warm-season turfgrass. For more information, please refer to the NC State Extension TurfFiles entry for St. Augustinegrass . Refer to " Caring for Your Lawn and the Environment " for guidelines on fertilizing and mowing. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Spreading by stolons or runners, it can expand into unwanted locations. Its wear tolerance is low. Not recommended for use in high traffic locations such as a sports field. Its drought tolerance is low, it will lose its color under dry conditions. Chinch bugs are a problem on St. Augustinegrass. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common southern lawn diseases.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 55 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 5 - Groundcover Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Cynodon Eremochloa ophiuroides

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Ornamental Grasses and Sedges; Turfgrass
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Moist | Occasional Flooding | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
High; Medium
Canopy layer
5 - Groundcover
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Creeping; Dense; Horizontal; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Blue; Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Smooth
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The dark green, narrow leaves have a ligule of a short fringe of hairs and a membranous constriction (the collar) at the junction of the sheath and the blade. The blades are broad and flat.
Flower form
Spike
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Flowers bloom July-October. They form in an inflorescence where the short stems of the flower are sunken into pits on one side of the central axis.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Fruit detail
Fruits are available August-November.
Stem detail
The stems branch from numerous nodes.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Southeastern U.S.A., South America, Africa
Distribution
AL, CA, FL, GA, HI, LA, MO, MS, NC, NM, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA
Attracts
Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Caryopsis

Uses (ethnobotany)

Lawns, forage

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Lawn; Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Native Garden
Garden tags
#turfgrass #NC native #native ornamental grass #mammals #food source herbage #heat tolerant #Coastal FAC #Piedmont Mountains FAC #bird friendly #Audubon #lawn planting #tropical herbaceous perennial #weed control #groundcovers that can be mowed #lawn #groundcover #salt spray tolerant #tropical #dry soils intolerant #warm climates #mat forming #grass #grass-like #forage #warm-season grass #frost tolerant #native groundcover #creeping #salt tolerant #evergreen #drought intolerant #shade perennial #shade tolerant
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Wireworms in Turf; Green June Beetles in Turfgrass
Other problems
Organic Lawn Care: A Guide to Organic Lawn Maintenance and Pest Management for North Carolina
Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Resistant to
Heat; Humidity; Poor Soil; Salt

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.