Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Mongolian Lime

Tilia mongolica (TIL-ee-uh mon-GOL-ik-uh)

Family: Malvaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

The Mongolian Linden is a medium-size ornamental deciduous broadleaf tree and a member of the Malvaceae family or Lindens. The tree is the smallest species in the Linden family, and it may reach a height of 30 feet and 25 feet wide. The tree grows slower than other Lindens, and it has a unique exfoliating bark and has slightly smaller, three to five-lobed leaves. It is pyramidal to rounded in shape. Commercially, the Mongolian Linden may be hard to find in nurseries. Another common name is Mongolian Lime. A cultivar, known as 'Harvest Gold,' is the hybrid of the Mongolian Linden and the Littleleafed Linden. Its leaves appear to be more like the Littleleaf Linden. The Mongolian Linden is native to North China and far eastern Russia. The wood of the tree is soft and creamy and is much preferred by woodcarvers to make piano soundboards or certain parts of a guitar. Young leaves and shoots are edible, and the flowers may be dried and used to make tea. The genus name, tilia , is Latin for Linden or Lime Tree. It is derived from the Greek word ptelea or "Elm tree" and tillai or "Black Poplar." The translation means "broad." The species name, mongolica , refers to its origin. The tree prefers full sun to part shade as well as alkaline, loamy, or well-drained soils. Unlike other Lindens, it is not drought or salt-spray tolerant. The tree, however, does transplant well. This species has fewer problems with the infestation of aphids. Propagation by seed may be challenging. Stored seeds tend to be slower to germinate. Reportedly, it is best to obtain fresh seeds and place them in a cold frame. It may take the seeds up to 18 months to germinate. Layering is best done in the spring. Suckers or young shoots may be removed with as much root as possible and replanted. The leaves are ovate, simple, and dark green with paler undersides. The leaves are three to five-lobed, which is not typical of other Lindens. The flowers form in the summer. They are fragrant creamy yellow dangling clusters. The fruit is a grayish hairy nutlet. The nectar of the flowers attracts butterflies and other insects. The Mongolian Linden is hardy to Zone 3 to 5. Recommended plant sites include residential areas, parks, and city streets. Quick ID Hints: Leaves dark green with paler undersides Leaves ovate, 3-5 lobed with serrated margins, and 2-3 inches in length and width Pale yellow blossoms, 6-12 blossoms hanging clusters Fruit small grayish, leathery, hairy nutlet Bark light gray and exfoliating Diseases, Insects, and Other Problems: Verticillium wilt may occur. Japanese beetles and the linden borer are insects that may be problematic. This species shows resistance to aphids.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 67 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Tilia cordata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
24-60 feet
Mature size
Height: 20 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in. | Width: 15 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Pyramidal; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are simple, ovate, and 3-5 lobed with serrated margins. The leaf color is dark green in the summer with paler undersides. The fall color is mild yellow. The leaves measure 2-3 inches in length and width.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; White
Flower value
Edible; Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flowers are fragrant pale yellow to creamy colored blossoms that hang in clusters. There are 6-12 flowers per cluster. The clusters hang from a long strapped bract. The ovary is hairy, and the style is glabrous.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Gray/Silver
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is a grayish nutlet. It is obovoid, leathery, hairy, and is 6-8 mm in size. The nutlet has a long strap-like bract.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
The bark is grayish and irregularly exfoliates.
Stem detail
The stems are glabrous, and the winter buds are hairless.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
North China and far eastern Russia
Distribution
Native: China North Central, China Southeast, Inner Mongolia, and Manchuria
Wildlife value
The flowers attract bees and other insects.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Fragrance; Shade
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Flowers; Shoots
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Achene

Edibility

The young leaves and shoots may be eaten raw or cooked. Tea is made from flowers.

Uses (ethnobotany)

The inner bark's fiber is used to make mats, shoes, and coarse cloth. The wood may be used to make broom handles and piano-sounding boards.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Flowering Tree; Shade Tree; Specimen; Street Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #butterfly friendly #flowering tree #shade tree #exfoliating bark #ornamental tree #fall interest #cream flowers #pollinator plant
Problems & Resistance
Particularly resistant to
This tree shows resistance to aphids.
Propagation
Layering; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.