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European White Lime

Tilia tomentosa (TIL-ee-uh toh-men-TOH-suh)

Family: Malvaceae Non-native Canopy (>40 ft)

The silver linden is a large ornamental deciduous tree that is a member of the Malvaceae family. It is popular as a shade, parkway, street, or specimen tree. It has a broad pyramidal shape with a dense canopy and erect branches. The glossy green foliage with silvery-white undersides is very attractive. Other common names include silver lime, European white, and white lime. Several cultivars are more insect resistant to aphids and Japanese Beetles. The silver linden is native to southeastern Europe and western Asia. The genus name, Tilia , is Latin for Linden or Lime Tree. It is derived from the Greek word ptelea or "Elm tree" and tillai or "Black Poplar." The translation means "broad" or perhaps "broad-leaved." The epithet, tomentosa , means "covered with soft-wooly hairs." This references the leaf's undersides. The common names for this genus are linden and lime. This tree prefers moist, well-drained, loamy soils, and full to partial sun. They tend to be moderately drought, salt, pollution, urban, and heat tolerant. It will require pruning to develop a strong structure. The tree will also require plenty of room to develop. Propagation of the silver linden is by seeding, layering, grafting, or chip-budding on proper rootstock. Water regularly after planting. Sprouts should be removed that appear at the base of the tree. The silver linden grows from 50-70 feet tall and 30-50 feet wide. The leaves are large, coarse, and green with silvery undersides. They are heart-shaped with an oblique base and serrate to dentate margins. Fragrant creamy-white flowers hanging in clusters appear from June to July. The fruits are small nutlets that ripen in late summer. The nectar-rich flowers are attractive to bees and butterflies. The fruits do not attract wildlife. This beautiful ornamental shade tree would add interest to a large lawn, parkway, or urban street. Seasons of Interest: Bark: Winter Bloom: Summer Foliage: Spring, Summer, and Fall Fruit: Summer Quick ID Hints: leaf upper surface is glossy green, and the underside is fuzzy silvery-white leaf has an oblique base, cordate shape with pointed tips, up to 4 inches long creamy to white fragrant flower clusters with 7-10 flowers per cluster beneath a downy bract is held a small grayish tan nutlet young bark is smooth and light gray to silvery and older bark is ridged Diseases, Insects, and Other Problems: There are no serious insects or disease problems. Aphids, borer, walnut lace bugs, caterpillars, leaf miners, scale, and mites are potential problems. The aphids secrete a substance that causes dark soot. The silver linden is reportedly less susceptible to the Japanese Beetles. Diseases such as anthracnose, leaf blight, canker, leaf spots, powdery mildew, and verticillium wilt may be occasional problems.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 66 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
more than 60 feet
Mature size
Height: 50 ft. 0 in. - 70 ft. 0 in. | Width: 30 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Oval; Pyramidal
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Orbicular; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves are simple, alternate, heart-shaped with pointed tips, and measure up to 4 inches long. The base of the leaf is oblique. They have serrate to dentate margins and are glossy green on the upper sides, and fuzzy silvery-white underneath. The foliage is a pale yellow in the fall.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The 7-10 creamy-white flowers appear in clusters with long strap-shaped bracts from June to July. They are fragrant and nectar-rich. Typically, they are the last Tilia to flower.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Cream/Tan; Gray/Silver
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is oval-shaped, tannish-grayish nutlet with long strap-like bracts that appears in late summer. The fruit is held beneath the downy bract. They are less than 0.5 inches in diameter. The fruit is inconspicuous and does not attract wildlife.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
The bark is smooth, light gray to silvery gray, and attractive during the winter. In older trees, the bark is more ridged.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver; Green
Stem detail
The young shoots are gray and hairy. The twigs are brown and green.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Southeastern Europe and western Asia
Distribution
Native: Albania, Bulgaria, East Agean Island, Greece, Hungry, Lebanon, Romania, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia; Introduced: Austria, Czechoslavakia, Spain, and Uzbekistan
Wildlife value
Bees ad butterflies are attracted to the nectar-rich flowers,
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Fragrance
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Achene
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Meadow
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Shade Tree; Specimen; Street Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #salt tolerant #air pollution tolerant #street tree #yellow flowers #white flowers #full sun tolerant #shade tree #winter interest #fragrant flowers #nectar plant #urban conditions tolerant #provides shade #butterfly friendly #bee friendly #drought tolerant #salt spray tolerant #fall interest #showy leaves #pollinator plant #landscape plant sleuths course #summer flowers #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Drought; Heat; Pollution; Salt; Urban Conditions; Wind
Particularly resistant to
Moderately drought, salt, pollution, and heat tolerant.
Propagation
Grafting; Layering; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.