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Asparagus

Asparagus officinalis (ah-SPAIR-ah-gus oh-fiss-ih-NAH-liss)

Family: Asparagaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Asparagus, in the Asparagaceae family, is a long-lived, herbaceous perennial vegetable that is not a native to the United States but to Europe, Africa, and Asia. However, it has naturalized in the United States and is often found along roadsides and ditches. The species epithet is Latin, meaning "of the offices," and indicates the plant was used in medicine and sold as an herb. Asparagus needs full sun; moist, organic, sandy soil with good drainage; and neutral (6.0-8.0) pH levels. The plant can grow from 3 to 5 feet, with a canopy of 18 inches to 3 feet. It has rhizomatous roots to self-propagate. Harvest young shoots in early spring for edibility. Stem color can be either green or purple, growing erect and thick, with triangular bracts along the stems. As the plants mature in summer, the stems become thin and multibranched. Male and female flowers produce small, yellow-green tepals in June or July. In late summer, the female plants will produce ornamental red berries that are hard and shiny. Showy, soft, green, feathery, needle-like leaves are arranged in whorls. Plant in edible gardens, along borders for mass planting or in small groups. Resistance to salt makes it suitable for coastal areas. Click here to see a calendar of planting schedules, time-to-harvest, and recommended spacing. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Common insect problems include asparagus beetle, spotted asparagus beetle, and aphids. Common disease problems include fusarium, rust, and needle blight. Consider planting resistant varieties and remove all leaves after fall die back. Contact dermatitis is likely from young, raw shoots, so wear gloves when handling. Low poisonous toxicity of the plant are the fruits and stems. Eating the berries may cause gastrointestinal problems. VIDEO Created by Laura Barth for "Vegetables, Herbs, Fruits, and Nuts," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Cool Season Vegetable; Edible; Herbaceous Perennial; Poisonous; Vegetable
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 6 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Fine
Leaf color
Green
Leaf arrangement
Whorled
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf feel
Soft
Leaf value
Showy
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Soft, feathery, needle-like leaves arranged in whorls.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Flower detail
The flowers develop as hermaphrodites and mature to become unisexual. Both male and female flowers produce small, yellow-green tepals In June or July.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit detail
In late summer, female plants produce ornamental red berries that are hard and shiny.
Stem color
Green; Purple/Lavender
Stem detail
Young shoots are thick and stand upright. They are green or purple in color with triangular bracts along the stem. As the stems mature they become thin and multi-branched.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, Asia, North Africa
Play value
Textural; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Nuts; Shoots
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Young spears (shoots). Harvest time: collect asparagus spears in the early spring, while very young. Only collect spears from areas you know have NOT been treated with pesticides. Safe handling procedures: wash spears thoroughly with warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Peel off the outer skin to within an inch of the top of the spear. Tie spears into bundles (about eight to a bundle) and place lengthwise into boiling salted water. Boil for about 10 minutes until tender, but not soggy. Serve hot with melted butter, or cold with oil and vinegar and seasonings.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#vegetable garden #ebh-vh #ebh #vegetable #showy fruits #edible stems #fall color yellow #red fruits #border back #cool season vegetable #fine texture #vhfn-v #vhfn #frost tolerant #hortcontest #edible #contact dermatitis
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Asparagus
Other problems
Growing Asparagus in a Home Garden
Problems
Contact Dermatitis
Resistant to
Salt
Propagation
Division
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Stems
Poison symptoms
Contact dermatitis from young, raw shoots; eating of berries may cause gastrointestinal problems
Toxic principle
Unknown
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.