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Belladonna

Atropa bella-donna (ah-TROH-pah bel-lah-DON-nah)

Family: Solanaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Belladonna is a branching, herbaceous perennial with thick roots in the nightshade family native to England as well as Eurasian and Mediterranean countries, where it can be found in disturbed areas, along roads and waste sites. In the US, it has naturalized in disturbed grounds in New York as well as our three west coast states, Washington, Oregon and California. A beautiful but deadly plant, its genus name is derived from the Greek mythology. Atropos, one of the three fates, held shears that cut the thread of life. The species name, Italian for beautiful lady, references the ancient use of the plant as a cosmetic. Belladonna grows best in well-drained sandy loam in full sun to part shade. But because it is poisonous in all of its parts, it should never be planted in home landscapes. The plant is so toxic that if an open wound comes in contact with the leaves, roots or fruits, the results can be fatal. Domestic pets can also suffer the effects of this toxic plant. Although causing ill effects in domestic animals, some birds and other wildlife eat the fruits without effect. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Slugs are a common issue. Its poisonous properties should discourage planting in home gardens.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Solanum dulcamara
Native alternatives Solanum americanum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Poisonous
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed; Open
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Alternate, simple leaves ranging from 3 to 10 inches long. The lower leaves are solitary, while the upper are produced in pairs.
Flower color
Green; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower shape
Bell; Tubular
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Axillary, drooping, tubular, 5-lobed flowers are dull reddish purple with a green tinge. Blossoms from June to September.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Black; Purple/Lavender
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
A glossy, purple-black berry. Sweet but highly toxic.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
England, central and southern Europe
Distribution
Naturalized in parts of New York, Michigan, California, Oregon and Washington.
Wildlife value
Birds and some small animals use the fruits as a food source.
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Fragrance; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Roots
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Not edible, leaves, roots and fruits are highly toxic.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Although toxic, there is a long history of use as a medicinal.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Garden tags
#poisonous #problem for children #problem for dogs #problem for horses #black fruits #problem for cats #herbaceous #herbaceous perennial #showy #poisonous root #showy flowers #poisonous if ingested #poisonous fruits #poisonous leaves #fragrant flowers #perennial #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants; Slugs and Snails Found on Flowers and Foliage
Other problems
Poisonous Plants to Livestock
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses; Weedy
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
Highly toxic. Small doses will produce delirium and hallucinations, larger doses will kill. Fever, rapid pulse, dilation of pupils, hot and dry flushed skin, headache, dry mouth, difficulty of swallowing, burning of the throat, hallucinations, convulsions. May cause death in livestock and pets.
Toxic principle
Tropane alkaloids, atropine, and others
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.