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Aucuba

Aucuba japonica (aw-KOO-bah ja-PO-ni-kah)

Family: Garryaceae Non-native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Aucuba, a member of the silk tassel family (Garryaceae), is a woody, broadleaf, evergreen shrub. It is native to China, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and Japan, where it can be found in moist woodland areas, thickets, valleys and along streams. The species epithet is Latin for "Japanese." Partial shade to deep shade is the best growing environment. Young leaves exposed to the sun will blacken. Soil conditions should be loamy clay, sand, or high organic matter. The soil needs to have good drainage, moist to occasionally dry or wet conditions. Aucuba tolerates poor soils and urban conditions like air pollution. The foliage is susceptible to windburn, so plant it in a protected area. Aucuba typically grows 6 to 10 feet (infrequently to 15 feet) tall, unless pruned shorter. The flowers bloom on new wood; therefore, pruning, if needed, may be done in late winter and early spring. Plant 3 to 6 feet apart. It is propagated by seed or stem cutting. Plants in this genus are dioecious, meaning they have male and female flowers on separate plants. The flowers are small, dull and not very showy. They are pollinated by small flies. If both sexes are planted near each other, the female plants will produce showy red fruits in the winter, providing year-round interest. The variegated cultivars are more common in cultivation than the green cultivars. Aucuba can be grown in containers around the patio or in recreational play areas. It does well in Asian, children's gardens, shade, cottage and winter gardens. It can be used as a hedge or privacy screening, foundation planting or shrubby border. Quick ID Hints: Leaves are glossy, coriaceous, elliptic, and opposite Leaves are entire or dentate on green stems Long-lasting red/burgundy fruit color is present (on female plants) from fall to spring Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Plants occasionally suffer from scale, root rot, nematodes, and mealybugs. Fungal leaf spot and southern blight sometimes occur. More information on Aucuba .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 73 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Aucuba japonica 'Picturata' Aucuba japonica 'Variegata' Ilex latifolia Prunus laurocerasus
Native alternatives Ilex cassine

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 6 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Dense; Erect; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Variegated
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Dentate; Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf value
Long-lasting; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Medium to dark green leaves, elliptic to ovate (8 inches long) with marginal teeth on the upper half of each leaf. Leaves are opposite.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Flower form
Cyme; Panicle
Flower shape
Cross
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Purple-maroon, 4 petals, 4 sepals, cross-shaped with white anthers bloom in early spring. Not particularly showy and tiny. Dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) with the male flowers in terminal cymes or panicles 4½ inches long. Female flowers are shorter and appear in leaf axils.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit value
Long-lasting; Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Red, ellipsoid, one-seeded, berry-like drupes (to ½ inch) which ripen in fall, and provide interest through spring.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Fleshy stem that makes propagation easy.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
East Asia and Japan
Distribution
Native to moist woodland areas, thickets, valleys, and along streams in Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea.
Play value
Buffer; Screening; Wind Break
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Spring; Winter
Fruit type
Drupe
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio; Recreational Play Area
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Children's Garden; Cottage Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Shade Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Hedge; Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#salt tolerant #evergreen #children's garden #shade shrub #drought tolerant #interiorscape #leathery #showy flowers #air pollution tolerant #showy fruits #rounded #speckled #interesting leaves #year-round interest #buffer #fantz #winter interest #clay soils tolerant #partial shade tolerant #heavy shade tolerant #playground plant #landscape plant sleuths course #urban conditions tolerant #easy to grow #dry shade #hedge #variegated #cpp #HS111 #HS304 #screen #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Mealybugs Found on Flowers and Foliage; Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Armored Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Bifasciculate Scale Insect
Disease problems
Phytophthora Blight and Root Rot on Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials
Other problems
White-Tailed Deer
Resistant to
Drought; Heavy Shade; Pollution; Salt
Propagation
Layering; Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Leaves
Poison symptoms
Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, and possible fever
Toxic principle
Aucubin, a glycoside
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Leaves

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.