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Oats

Avena sativa (a-VEE-nah sa-TEE-vah)

Family: Poaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Oats are annual grasses grown as a cover crop, for forage, or their grain. The home gardener is apt to grow oats, which are members of the grass family (Poaceae), as a fall-sown, winter cover crop. Oats were domesticated in the region that is now present-day Iran and Iraq; as a crop, oats are cultivated worldwide. The species epithet is Latin for “cultivated.” Oats grow best in full sun and are adaptable to a variety of soil types, as long as the soil is well-drained. Oats are more tolerant of wet soil than many other grains, but the best results are on soils not subject to flooding. Moderately fertile soil gives the best results. Sow oat seeds 1 to 2 inches deep in drills. Allow at least ten weeks of cool-season growth. Oats are excellent at smothering and outcompeting weeds. They release certain chemicals into the soil that inhibit the germination of other plants. Wait at least three weeks after the oat cover crop has died down before sowing annual vegetable or ornamental seeds, as this will give time for the inhibitory chemicals to degrade. Oat is a suitable cover crop for a vegetable garden, fruit orchard or permaculture garden. It is not a host of certain nematodes and may be a useful cover crop where those pests are prevalent. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Few problems when grown as a cover crop.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 47 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Sheath
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf feel
Papery
Leaf size
< 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Fall color
Insignificant
Flower color
Green
Flower value
Good Dried
Flower form
Raceme
Flower detail
Like most grasses, oats have small, insignificant flowers, but the bracts associated with the spikelets are attractive.
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Oats are an edible grain. It must be cooked before consumption.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Iran and Iraq
Distribution
Worldwide
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Spring
Fruit type
Caryopsis

Uses (ethnobotany)

Widely used as an edible grain, forage crop and cover crop.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-winter #adaptable #annual #annual grass #grass
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hopper in Soybean
Problems
Allelopathic
Resistant to
Poor Soil
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.