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American Gai Lan

Brassica rapa (BRAS-ih-ka RAY-puh)

Family: Brassicaceae Non-native

The Ruvo Group includes broccoli raab, rapini, broccoletti, and broccoletti di rape and is in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). They are biennials grown as annuals and originated in Europe. The genus name Brassica is Latin for cabbage. These plants will grow up to a foot tall and prefer fertile moist well-drained soils in full sun to light shade. Keep seedlings evenly moist and continue to water during dry spells. Get a soil test before planting and fertilize according to the recommendations. These are cool-season plants and can be planted for a spring or fall crop. Seeds can be planted in early spring and harvested for greens or allowed to mature. For mature plants, harvest just before the flower buds begin to open. For a fall crop, plant seeds mid to late summer. Row covers may help decrease insect damage. The plants resemble broccoli, but the edible buds are in small clusters rather than one large one. The leaves have a zesty, slightly bitter taste that is often utilized in Italian and Asian dishes. It can be steamed, broiled, fried and sautéed. Use in the edible and winter garden. Click here to see a calendar of planting schedules, time-to-harvest, and recommended spacing. Problems, Pests and Diseases: Aphids, whiteflies, flea beetles, and caterpillars such as cabbage loopers, cutworms, and beet army worms. Slugs and snails may also be a problem. Diseases include club root, white rust, leaf spot, and rots such as damping off and bacterial soft rot. If not contained, it has been known to become weedy.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 59 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Brassica oleracea Kai Lan & Chinese Kale Group Brassica rapa Chinensis Group Eruca vesicaria

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Cool Season Vegetable; Edible; Vegetable
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Pinnatifid
Leaf margin
Crenate; Entire; Sinuate
Leaf value
Edible
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Bright lime green leaves that arranged spirally, becoming a basal rosette during the vegetative state.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Edible
Flower form
Insignificant; Raceme; Umbel
Flower shape
Cross
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Small clusters of green flower buds should be picked before opening. They will open to a 4-petaled yellow flower.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Siliqua
Fruit size
> 3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is in the form of a Siliqua and can contain up to 30 seeds.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe
Wildlife value
Bees and butterflies are attracted to the flowers.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Stems
Fruit type
Siliqua

Edibility

Stems, leaves and buds are edible raw or cooked.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Edible plant.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Design feature
Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#vegetable garden #cool season vegetable #vegetable #edible flowers #problem for horses #edible leaves #herbaceous #herbaceous annual #weedy #edible #microgreens
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Aphids Found on Flowers and Foliage; Beet Armyworm; Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Crucifers
Disease problems
Weed Management in Broccoli, Cabbage, and Cauliflower
Problems
Problem for Horses
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.