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Bittercress

Cardamine (kar-DA-mih-nee)

Family: Brassicaceae Native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

This genus contains over 200 species of annual and perennial plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) and are native to nearly everywhere in the world. They are known as bittercresses and toothworts and are considered both a weed and an edible plant . The genus name is derived from the Greek kardaminē meaning water cress and from kardamon meaning pepper grass. These plants grow in a variety of conditions and vary in size depending on the species. Most have edible roots. Leaves can be small to medium and simple, pinnate or bipinnate. They have both a basal rosette and stem leaves. Blooms are generally in clusters of white, pink or purple flowers. Weedy species can be difficult to control. Others are wildflowers and are considered non-invasive. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Plants often harbor whitefly and mites and have been implicated as alternative hosts for some diseases. Powdery mildew, downy mildew and rust are minor issues. It is listed as an invasive species in some parts of the US including HI and GA.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 48 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Native Plant; Weed; Wildflower
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial; Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Moist
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Simple
Leaf arrangement
Rosulate
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Plants form a basal rosette of leaves and have a few stem leaves that are smaller. Shape varies per species. They can be simple to compound.
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender; White
Flower form
Corymb
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Flowers can be tiny to small in loose clusters and are white, pink or purple
Bloom time
Fall; Spring
Fruit type
Siliqua
Fruit detail
The fruits are small, cigar-shaped pods that dry and split to reveal seeds
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Most of the world except the Antarctic
Wildlife value
Members of the genus Cardamine support the following specialized bee: Andrena (Scaphandrena) arabis.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies
Play value
Attracts Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Siliqua

Edibility

The foliage of Cardamine pratensis are edible.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Many species are used medicinally

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Garden tags
#specialized bees #native bees #nectar plant #pollinator plant #NC native #bee friendly #perennial #perennial weed #butterfly friendly #frost tolerant #sandy soils tolerant #clay soils tolerant #marshes #high maintenance #aggressive #fast growing #boggy sites #wildlife friendly #annual #woodland #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.