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Black Huckleberry

Gaylussacia baccata (gay-luh-SAY-shee-uh BAK-ah-tuh)

Family: Ericaceae Native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Black Huckleberry is a native shrub in the blueberry family found in acidic forests and woodland areas above 1600 m in elevation from Canada south to Georgia. It is found in the coastal, Piedmont and mountains of NC. This shrub grows to 3 feet tall, 4-5 feet wide and often forms thickets. It prefers sandy or rocky soils in sun to partial shade and is drought-tolerant once established. The shallow spreading root system helps prevent erosion on slopes and rocky hillsides. In spring the red to pink urn-shaped flowers are visited by several pollinators. These are followed by a fleshy berry that matures to blue-black and is a wildlife favorite. Fall color is good in oranges and reds. Use this plant in a naturalized area, woodland setting, on slopes or dunes and to attract wildlife. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Watch for aphids, spider mites, mealybugs, and scale. Potential diseases are powdery mildew, leaf spots, and mummy berry.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Multi-stemmed
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Obovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Leaves are 1-2¼" long and ½-1" across, oblong-ovate, obovate, or narrowly oval and smooth along their margins. Color is yellowish-green and slightly shiny, the underside is dull yellowish-green with fine resinous yellow dots and hairs. Fall color is oranges and reds.
Fall color
Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Pink; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Urn
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Clusters of 1/3 inch urn-shaped red to pink flowers in the axils of leaves bloom from April to June.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Black; Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
1/3 inch blueish black fruit displays from July to August.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
Thin smooth gray bark
Stem color
Black; Gold/Yellow; Gray/Silver; Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Young stems are yellowish-green to reddish-brown, pubescent or hairless. Older stems are light gray to nearly black. Tend to be brittle.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern Canada and U.S.A.
Distribution
AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , GA , IA , IL , IN , KY , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NH , NJ , NY , OH , PA , RI , SC , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV
Wildlife value
Berries are eaten by birds and mammals. Host plant to the butterfly Henry's Elfin. Bees pollinate the flowers.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Berries are edible raw or cooked.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Naturalized Area; Slope/Bank; Woodland
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Edible Garden; Native Garden; Rock Garden
Garden tags
#deciduous shrub #deciduous #drought tolerant #NC native #native shrub #acidic soils tolerant #food source herbage #larval host plant #food source nectar #food source pollen #mammals #food source summer #food source soft mast fruit #FACU Piedmont Mountains #butterfly friendly #pollinator plant #bird friendly #Audubon #Coastal FACU #fall interest
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Drought; Dry Soil

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.