Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Dwarf Whitman Fern

Nephrolepis cordifolia (nef-roh-LEP-iss kor-di-FOH-lee-uh)

Family: Polypodiaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

The tuberous sword fern is a semi-evergreen fern in the sword fern family (Nephrolepidaceae) native to northern Australia and Asia. In its native habitat, they are found in swamps and along ditches but also grow as epiphytes. The genus name is Greek for kidney and scale referring to the thin membrane covering the spores (indusia). The specific epithet is Latin for heart and leaf. The sword-shaped, erect fronds are 3 feet long but are 7 feet in their native habitat. Stagger them about 18 inches apart. Where it is not invasive, it can spread to 4 feet. Moist, well-drained, high humidity and shade is preferred. Unlike other ferns, it will tolerate dry, poor soil and full sun. It can also grow on the surface of another plant (epiphyte) and in rocks. If grown as a houseplant, place in bright indirect light. Apply a slow-release fertilizer every six months if not vibrant, being careful not to burn the shallow roots. Propagation is by division or spores that are carried by wind, water, and clothing. Prune to keep the fern within the desired space. Similar to Florida native ferns in appearance and common names, but it is considered invasive in Florida and New Zealand. The invasive fern has tubers which the native ones do not. Once established, it is drought and wind-tolerant. The Hawaiians use the fronds for wrist and ankle leis. Use as a ground cover or on a slope to control erosion. Plant as a specimen, in mass planting, or in a container. Place in a terrarium or bottle garden as an air-purifying plant. See native fern alternatives to the left. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No significant diseases or pests. Watch for the Florida Fern Caterpillar. Ants, mealybugs, scale, and slugs may occasionally cause problems. VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington , Director of JC Raulston Arboretum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 44 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Nephrolepis exaltata
Similar, less problematic Cyrtomium falcatum Nephrolepis exaltata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Fern; Herbaceous Perennial
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Clumping; Erect
Texture
Medium
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Fronds
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The fronds are 3 feet long and wide. Leaflets are oblong to lanceolate and 1.5 - 4 inches with small rounded teeth.
Flower detail
No flowers.
Fruit detail
No fruits. This plant reproduces via spores. The sori are rounded. The spores are warty, wrinkled.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green
Stem detail
The stems are covered with bicolored pale and dark brown scales.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Tropical & Subtropical Asia
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Rain Garden
Design feature
Mass Planting
Garden tags
#fern #tuberous #hanging baskets #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #evergreen ferns #groundcover #semi-evergreen #slopes #container plant #partial shade tolerant
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Florida Fern Caterpillar; Fern Scale Insect
Resistant to
Drought; Wind
Propagation
Division

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.