Elkhorn Fern

Platycerium (plat-ee-SIR-ee-um)

Family: Polypodiaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Platycerium is a genus of epiphytic ferns native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Australia, South America, and Southeast Asia. It has 17 accepted species and is a member of the polypody family (Polypodiaceae). These ferns are found in the rainforests growing in the branches of trees. The roots of the ferns are fed by the organic matter that becomes trapped in the tree's branches. The plants of this genus have a unique growth habit and unusual frond patterns. The genus name, Platycerium , comes from the Greek words platys, which means "broad," and keras , which means "horn." This references the fronds of this genus. Most of the fronds of plants in this genus resemble the forked antlers of male deer or elk, while other species may have fan-shaped fronds or resemble elephant ears. These ferns need bright indirect light, warm temperatures, and moderate humidity. The ferns in this genus are epiphytes, and they typically do not grow in soil in their native habitats but are found attached to trees. Small plants can be grown as houseplants in small containers in a rich, well-drained potting medium of sphagnum or peat moss. They can also be mounted on wooden boards, wired baskets, or slabs of bark. A wire or fishing line can be used to support and keep them in place until it is established. New growth will cover the support, and it will no longer be noticeable. Filtered water or rainwater is best for these plants, and they need consistent moisture, especially during the summer. Allow the potting medium to dry out some between watering, but be sure to avoid overwatering. If the humidity is too low, consider using a humidifier or setting the plant container on a tray of wet pebbles. These plants take water from the air and from the potting medium. Temperatures of 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit are recommended, and good air circulation should be provided. Fertilize these plants monthly in the spring and summer with a balanced diluted liquid fertilizer. These ferns can be propagated by division or from the small pups. Propagation by spores is a very slow and difficult process. The size, shape, and color of the fronds vary among species. It is also dependent on the growing conditions. Some species are also more cold-tolerant than others. Platycerium produces two types of fronds. Basal fronds: sterile, small, flat leaves at the base of the plant, cover the root structure, collect water, collect fallen plant debris, usually turn brown with age, form a nest, and are called shields Foliar fronds: fertile, long, branching, up to 4 feet long, green, bluish-green, or gray-green, flat, bear spore cases on the underside of the fronds, and can be antler-shaped, fan-shaped, or elephant ear-shaped Plants of this genus are quite popular and more readily available commercially. They are used in hanging baskets or mounted on boards that hang on the wall as an ornamental. Remember that these plants require bright, indirect light, warm temperatures, and high humidity to thrive. Proper placement is essential for these plants to grow and thrive. Bathrooms or kitchens are areas that usually have increased humidity. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : Monitor for mealybugs, aphids, and scale insects. These plants are sensitive to overwatering and underwatering. Overwatering causes root rot. Direct light can cause bleaching or blotching on the fronds.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 34 attributes.