Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Bedding Pelargonium

Pelargonium (pe-lar-GO-nee-um hy-BRID-um)

Family: Geraniaceae Unknown Herbaceous

Zonal pelargonium is a low-maintenance, tender perennial grown as an annual or a houseplant. It is in the geranium family (Geraniaceae). It is a hybrid cross between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans , both of which are native to the Cape region of South Africa. Zonal pelargonium requires full sun and soils that are well-drained. Once established, plants are drought-tolerant, but they grow and flower more luxuriantly with moderate moisture. Plants in containers may be allowed to dry out between waterings. In insufficient light, plants become leggy and bloom poorly. Seeds should be started indoors in January or February on top of a heat mat set to 70 to 75 degrees. Plant outside after the last frost. Stem cuttings may be taken from July to August and grown under glass or in a sunny window until the danger of frost has passed. Plants can be overwintered indoors or in a cool greenhouse. Indoors, if they have adequate light, the plants can be kept growing with regular watering. Otherwise, they should be kept very dry and allowed to go dormant. Water the plants sparingly, only when the plants show signs of wilting. After the danger of frost has passed, the plants can be brought out of dormancy and watered normally. Give excellent ventilation to prevent foliar diseases. The humble zonal pelargonium is a marvel of modern breeding. The hybrid was first made in the late 18th century, but modern hybrids are uniform, floriferous and disease-resistant. The plant forms a rounded mound 1 to 3 feet tall. Flowers of pelargonium may be single, semi-double or double and are most commonly red, pink or white. The plant blooms throughout the warm months until frost. Horticulturists recognize several groups of zonal pelargoniums, including: Stellar cultivars, which have leaves with pointed lobes, include ‘Stellar Arctic Star’ and ‘Stellar Snowflake’. Cactus- or Poinsettia-flowered, which have twisted or quilled petals, including ‘Tangerine’, ‘Spitfire’ and ‘Coronia’. Rosebud cultivars, which have such tight clusters of flowers that the flowers never completely open, including ‘Appleblossom Rosebud’, ‘Wedding Royale’, and ‘Rosebud Supreme’. Miniatures, which are no more than 8 inches tall, include ‘Anna’, ‘Delta’ and ‘Jane Eyre’. Pelargonium is a popular plant for hanging baskets, containers and garden beds. It can be overwintered indoors as a houseplant in a bright location. Quick ID Hints: Flowers in umbel-like clusters on an elongated peduncle Leaves reniform to orbicular, often with a dark band within the margin (the “zone” of zonal pelargoniums) Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : Susceptible to caterpillars, spider mites, mealybugs, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Pelargonium .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Catharanthus roseus Chrysanthemum x morifolium Lantana camara
Similar, less problematic Alternanthera dentata Alternanthera dentata 'Brazilian Red Hots' Alternanthera ficoidea Euphorbia hypericifolia Breathless™ Group Euphorbia hypericifolia Diamond Frost® 'Inneuphdia'

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Herbaceous Perennial; Houseplant; Poisonous
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
Less than 12 inches
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Mounding; Rounded; Spreading
Leaf color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Orbicular; Pinnatifid; Reniform
Leaf margin
Crenulate; Entire; Lobed; Sinuate; Undulate
Leaf feel
Papery
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Leaves are simple, alternate to subopposite, orbicular to reniform, crenate, undulate to sinuate, cordate, and pubescent. Bruised leaves are aromatic. Leaves are green, often variegated green with a dark green or brown zone in from the margin. Stipules are large and persistent.
Flower color
Orange; Pink; Red/Burgundy; Variegated; White
Flower value
Good Cut; Long Bloom Season; Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Flowers are single, semidouble to double, uniform in color of red, pink, or salmon, and occasionally bicolored. Flowers have 5 petals and appear subrotate. Inflorescence is an erect umbel-like cluster on a long peduncle.
Bloom time
Fall; Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Fruits are rare, but when present, they are elongated capsules with a beak, dehiscing from beak downwards, and coiling.
Stem detail
Stems are erect, succulent, and glabrescent.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Hanging Baskets; Houseplants; Patio; Vertical Spaces
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#poisonous #fragrant flowers #fall interest #fantz #full sun tolerant #well-drained soil #moist soil #spring interest #summer flowers #pink flowers #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #apvg-a #apvg #white flowers #red flowers #houseplant #showy flowers #bedding plants #contact dermatitis #container plant #annual #cpp #fragrant leaves #HS303 #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Mexican Mealybug; Greedy Scale Insect; Gladiolus Thrips
Disease problems
Southern Bacterial Wilt on Herbaceous Ornamental Plants; Bacterial Leaf Spot on Greenhouse Ornamentals; Botrytis Blight of Greenhouse Ornamentals
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Malodorous; Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Drought
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Leaves
Poison symptoms
Vomiting, anorexia when consumed in quantity. Primarily GI upset, but also ataxia, muscle weakness, depression or hypothermia in larger exposures. Cats are most sensitive. Contact (allergic) dermatitis is mild.
Toxic principle
Geraniol, linalool
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Leaves; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.