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Abele

Populus alba (POP-yoo-lus AL-ba)

Family: Salicaceae Non-native Canopy (>40 ft)

White Poplar is an aggressive, fast growing, deciduous tree in the willow family that can reach a height of 75 feet (sometimes 100 feet) with a rounded crown. It is native to Europe and Central Asia, but has naturalized in North Carolina and other states, especially along roadsides and old lots. It has silvery-green foliage and, at one time, was widely planted as an ornamental in the United States. However, it has spread and naturalized in many areas, including the eastern states, and is prohibited in Connecticut and restricted in Wisconsin. Its self-seeding, its ability to spread by means of root suckers around the parent tree's base, and its rapid growth have enabled it to overwhelm some native species. A White Poplar trunk often reaches a diameter of 2 to 3 feet, but the tree's spread is often greater because it divides into multiple branches at the base. The genus name comes from the Latin name and the species name means white. White Poplar prefers average, consistently moist, well-drained soils in full sun. It tolerates some drought, a wide range of soils, maritime exposure, and many urban pollutants. It does not do well in shade. The tree is not self fertile and requires male and female plants to produce seed. Planting trees of only one sex can be useful as a way to control spread. However, these trees also produce suckers that form colonies and would also need to be controlled. White Poplar sprouts frequently spring up from the roots, but seedlings are rare, reducing its threat as an invasive. Avoid siting the tree near buildings, driveways, or walkways as the vigorous root systems may damage drains and foundations. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Susceptible to dieback, cankers, leaf spots, rusts and powdery mildew, borers, aphids, caterpillars and scale.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 56 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Native alternatives Populus heterophylla

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
24-60 feet; more than 60 feet
Mature size
Height: 50 ft. 0 in. - 75 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Rounded; Spreading
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Dentate; Lobed; Sinuate
Leaf feel
Soft
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Large, 3 to 5-lobed 5 inch long leaves with white, wooly undersides and coarsely-toothed margins. Petioles are also wooly. Silvery leaves are reminiscent of some maples.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Flower form
Catkin; Insignificant
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Separate male and female inflorescences, the female are green and small and the male red and over 2 inches long. Male and female appear in separate catkins on separate male and female trees in spring before the foliage emerges. Flowering catkins are not showy.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Capsules are filled with small, downy seeds that are easily carried on the wind.
Bark color
Black; Dark Gray; Light Gray
Bark detail
Bark on young trees is smooth and greenish-gray, but matures to dark gray-black with ridges and furrows.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, central Asia
Distribution
Introduced into parts of the United States, Africa, Australia, South America. Naturalized in North Carolina.
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Spring
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

The wood has been used for carvings and sculpture.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area
Design feature
Barrier; Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#aggressive #hortcontest #spreading #ornamental tree #colorful leaves #dioecious #fall interest #yellow leaves #fall color #weedy #fall color yellow
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Dry Soil
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.