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Spotted Knapweed

Centaurea maculosa (sen-TAR-ee-ah mak-yoo-LOH-suh)

Family: Asteraceae Non-native Herbaceous

Spotted knapweed is an herbaceous biennial or perennial weed in the Asteraceae (aster) family and native to Europe and western Asia. Genus came from the popular name of various plants in the late 14th century, from Medieval Latin centaurea, from Latin centaureum, from Greek kentaureion, from kentauros "centaur", so called because the plant's medicinal properties were discovered by Chiron the centaur. It is considered invasive in many states within the United States, mostly the northwest and north central states. The plant grows on stream banks, pond shorelines, sand prairies, old fields and pastures, roadsides, along railroads, and many open, disturbed areas. It crowds out native species and forage for livestock. The flowers are a vibrant lavender with black margins of the flower bract tips, which give the flower heads a spotted look and is the origin of its common name. Spotted knapweed prefers to grow in dry, sterile, gravelly or sandy soils, and full sunlight. It usually has a stout taproot below a basal rosette of deeply lobed leaves covered in fine, short hairs. As many as 6 erect stems emerge from the same root crown during a single growing season and grow up to 3 feet tall. The seeds are primarily distributed by the wind. An individual plant may produce as many as 40,000 seeds. Light infestations of this invasive weed can be managed by pulling the weeds by hand or by mowing early when the plant is just beginning to flower. Plants are less likely to regrow if allowed to form flower stalks before mowing. All management methods must be repeated for several years until seeds stored in the soil become depleted. Spotted knapweed is resistant to some herbicides, likely due to wooly hairs on its stems and leaves limiting retention or penetration of the herbicide. Because of it's weedy nature, it shouldn't have a place in the garden. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Invasive tendencies.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Weed; Wildflower
Life cycle
Biennial; Perennial
USDA zones
5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Occasionally Dry | Very Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Rosulate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Lobed
Leaf feel
Smooth
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
A basal rosette of deeply lobed petiolate leaves approximately 8 inches in size is produced the first year. Pubescent stems form when young with highly dissected leaves that are alternate and may be slightly lobed or linear. Leaves become smaller and less lobed toward the apex.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender
Flower form
Cyme; Head
Flower shape
Dome
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Up to 1 in. lavender flower heads with a harsh, prickly, black-tipped bract
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Black; Gold/Yellow
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
An achene (about a quarter-inch long) finely hairy, straw-colored at maturity with a tuft of short, stiff, light brown bristles at the tip.
Stem color
Gray/Silver; Green
Stem detail
The stem is erect or ascending, slender, hairy and branching, and can grow up to three feet tall. As many as 6 stems emerge from the same root crown during a single growing season.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, Western Asia
Distribution
Most every state in the the USA
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Achene
Landscape Use
Garden tags
#dry soils tolerant #lavender flowers #high maintenance #disturbed areas #wind dispersed seeds #fast growing #gray-green leaves #hairy leaves #aggressive #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Other problems
Invasive Plants and Your Forests
Problems
Weedy
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.