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Flying Dragon Orange Tree

Citrus trifoliata (SIH-trus try-fol-lee-AH-tah)

Family: Rutaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

'Flying Dragon' is one of the most cold-hardy cultivars of orange trees. This tree's parent plant is native to China and is in the Rutaceae (citrus) family. This shrub can grow 8 to 15 feet tall, rarely 20 feet, and 16-20 feet wide. This dense shrub has crooked branches covered in large downward curved spines. It blooms in spring with citrus-scented flowers that produce fuzzy fruits that are very sour. 'Flying Dragon' can grow in sun to part shade in average well-drained soils. The fruits will reseed, so this plant is often grown in a container to prevent this. It can be used to form an impenetrable hedge also and adds winter interest. The very sour fruits can't be eaten raw but can be used to make jams and jellies. They are high in vitamin C and antioxidants. Citrus trifoliata is considered invasive in AL, GA, and SC. Please consider planting native plants. See some suggestions to the left. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems. Weedy and potentially invasive for NC. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common citrus insect and related pests. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. More information on Citrus trifoliata .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 54 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' Ilex vomitoria Rosa rugosa

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 6 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in. | Width: 16 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Irregular; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Shiny green leaves are ovate in shape. They are compound leaves with 3 leaflets that have serrate margins.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Solitary
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
1-2 inch flowers are white with a yellow stigma and anthers. They have 4-7petals, grow singly and appear in April- May
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Orange
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
Fuzzy golf ball-sized fruits are green maturing to yellow-orange
Bark color
Light Brown
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Twigs are glabrous the first year then turn striate. Branches are crooked with many large downturned spines
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Asia
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall

Edibility

Very sour but can be cooked to make juice, jams, jellies or marmalade.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#edible fruits #yellow fruits #spines #winter interest #fragrant flowers #barrier #deciduous shrub #landscape plant sleuths course #hedge #container plant #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Spines/Thorns; Weedy

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.