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Bunchberry

Cornus canadensis (KOR-nus ka-na-DEN-sis)

Family: Cornaceae Non-native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Bunchberry is a low-growing, deciduous, shrubby groundcover with leaves and flowers similar to the familiar flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida ) tree but smaller. Native to mixed forests in Canada and the northern US, and in the Appalachians south to Virginia, it grows from spreading rhizomes. It is a member of the dogwood family (Cornaceae). The species epithet, canadensis , references the native habitat of Canada, where it was first described. The best performance is in cool to cold climates in the shade of trees and shrubs. Plants generally do not perform well in the hot summer conditions found in the central to southern parts of the U.S. south of USDA Zone 6. Bunchberry spreads by underground rhizomes. The leaves are opposite, and the flower clusters are surrounded by four large, showy, white bracts, just as they are in the flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida ). The flowers are followed by bright red berries in late summer that persist into fall. It is suitable for a woodland garden. Intolerant of foot traffic. They can be difficult to establish. They may be propagated by seeds, creeping rhizomes, or stem cuttings. Quick ID HInts: deciduous ground cover and low-growing shrub dark green leaves, 1 to 2 inches long, reddish-purple fall color tiny greenish-umbel surrounded four white bracts appear in late spring bright red berries ripen in August Insects, Diseases, and Other Problems: Leaf miner and scale are less serious potential insect pests. When stressed, is susceptible to a large number of disease problems, the most serious is dogwood anthracnose. Other diseases include powdery mildew, leaf spot, canker, root rot, and leaf & twig blight. It can also become vulnerable to borers. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common pests and diseases. More information on Cornus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 66 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Native alternatives Epigaea repens Galax urceolata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12 inches-3 feet; 3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Creeping; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Oval to elliptic, glossy, medium to dark green leaves (1 to 2 inches long) are located near the stem tops in false whorls. Intolerant to foot traffic
Fall color
Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Green; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Each flower consists of a tiny greenish-yellow umbel surrounded by four showy, oval, petal-like white bracts (each bract to 1” long).
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe
Fruit value
Edible; Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Bright red with good persistence on the plant until late fall unless earlier consumed by birds. Drupes are edible for humans.
Stem detail
The stems are about 10 inches tall, slender, and woody at the base.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
East Russia to Japan, Subarctic America to N. & Central U.S
Distribution
Zones 2-6, primarily in forest througout Northern US, south to the Appalachians
Wildlife value
Flowers are attractive to pollinators and butterflies. Fruits are attractive to birds and plants provide nesting sites. Members of the genus Cornus support the following specialized bees: Andrena (Gonandrena) fragilis, Andrena (Gonandrena) Integra, and Andrena (Gonandrena) platyparia.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds; Specialized Bees
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Edible fruit; Textural; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe

Edibility

The berries are edible. The fruits may be added to puddings, preserves, and sauces.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Edible Garden; Fairy Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Border; Foundation Planting; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#specialized bees #fall interest #shelter for wildlife #nectar plant #pollinator plant #shade garden #rabbit resistant #edible fruits #showy flowers #naturalizes #groundcover #naturalized area #deer resistant #showy fruits #bird friendly #food source fall #butterfly friendly #partial shade tolerant #bee friendly #understory shrub #deciduous shrub #low maintenance #red fruits #white flowers #dwarf #shrub #acidic soils tolerant #dry soils intolerant #fall color red #perennial #wildlife friendly #woodland #hortcontest #fairy garden
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Dogwood Borer; Dogwood Twig Borer; Dogwood Sawfly; Dogwood Pest Management Calendar; Insect Pests of Dogwood in North Carolina
Disease problems
Diseases of Dogwood in North Carolina
Resistant to
Deer; Rabbits
Particularly resistant to
Deer, Rabbits
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.