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Green Hawthorn

Crataegus viridis (krah-TEE-gus VEER-ih-diss)

Family: Rosaceae Native Understory (15-40 ft)

Green hawthorn, like most hawthorns, has gray, thorny bark, bears white flowers in the spring, and produces red fruit in the fall. However, unlike most hawthorns, the Green Hawthorn is resistant to leaf rust. It is native to the southeastern United States. Green Hawthorn is commonly found in bottom lands, swamps, and other wetlands in the Coastal Plain and adjacent Piedmont of North Carolina. Green Hawthorn is a dense, rounded tree that typically grows 20-35’ tall with a broad spreading crown. When present, thorns grow to 1 1/2 inches long. Leaves turn purple to red in fall. Fruits, sometimes called haws, are technically edible, but are usually best left for the birds. Green Hawthorn is easy to grow in average, dry to medium, well-drained soils in full sun. It tolerates urban pollution, light shade, and drought, but moist, rich, fertile soils may encourage water sprout growth. The plant also tolerates pruning and can be shaped to a hedge in the landscape. The cultivar 'Winter King’ is a popular variety of Green Hawthorn. It is disease-resistant, has a profuse bloom of flowers in the spring, larger fruits, silvery-barked stems and attractive fall color (purple and scarlet). It is an excellent landscape tree and is largely spineless, with only occasional small thorns (to 1.5 inches long). This plant is probably the most commonly available hawthorn on the market. Diseases, Insects, and other Plant Problems: A disease-resistant hawthorn, although there is some susceptibility to cedar hawthorn rust (rust stage where eastern red cedars are present in the area) and fireblight. Fungal leaf spots, powdery mildew, cankers and apple scab are occasional problems. Insect pests include borers, caterpillars, lacebugs, leafminers and scale. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 66 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Crataegus nitida

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 20 ft. 0 in. - 35 ft. 0 in. | Width: 20 ft. 0 in. - 35 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Glossy dark green leaves (to 3 1/2 inches long) that are shallowly lobed in the upper half.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Corymb
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Two inch cluster of small, five petaled, white flowers with an unpleasant odor that attracts midges for pollination.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Orange; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Pome
Fruit value
Edible; Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long
Fruit detail
Flowers are followed by small red fruits that ripen in September and usually persist on the tree well into winter.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
Thin, gray bark that breaks into narrow scales as the tree ages. Bark on mature trunks exfoliates to reveal orange inner bark.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern United States
Distribution
Virginia to Florida, west to Texas, and north to Illinois.
Wildlife value
Birds are attracted to the fruit in the fall and find nesting shelter amid the thorny branches. Host to nectar-bees, nectar-butterflies, and mammals seeking the fruit. Larval host for kings hairstreak, gray hairstreak, soapberry hairstreak, banded hairstreak, red-banded hairstreak.
Attracts
Butterflies; Songbirds
Host plant for
kings hairstreak, gray hairstreak, soapberry hairstreak, banded hairstreak, red-banded hairstreak
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Pome

Edibility

Fruit is edible, but not of high quality. It can be used to make jelly, but is often left for the birds.

Uses (ethnobotany)

The wood is strong, heavy, and hard, but with little commercial value.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Walkways
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Rain Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Flowering Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #winter interest #fire low flammability #drought tolerant #bird friendly #Audubon #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #interesting bark #spines #landscape plant sleuths course #fall color #NC Native Pollinator Plant #spring flowers #wildlife friendly #cpp #NC native
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Hawthorn Lace Bug; Cedar Apple Rust; Fire Blight
Resistant to
Drought; Dry Soil; Fire; Pollution
Propagation
Seed
Fire risk
low flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.