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Bombay Hemp

Crotalaria juncea (kroh-tah-LAR-ee-ah jun-SEE-ah)

Family: Fabaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Sunn hemp is a tropical, nitrogen-fixing annual or short-lived herbaceous perennial. It is native to southern Asia, from Afghanistan through India to Indochina. Sunn hemp is a member of the bean family (Fabaceae). The species epithet, junceus , is Latin for “rush-like.” The erect, often sparsely branched stems resemble rushes ( Juncus spp.) and were used as a source of fiber for cordage, nets, etc. Sunn hemp is easy to grow in warm soils with a pH between 5 and 8. It is adaptable to any garden soil, but it does best in sandy soil. Because it fixes nitrogen, the plant thrives even in poor soils, as long as they are well drained. It is intolerant of standing water. Productivity, however, is greater in fertile soils. Seeds should be inoculated with Rhizobium before sowing to ensure optimum nitrogen fixation. Sunn hemp needs full sun. It suppresses other weeds with its dense canopy and strong root system. The plants are killed by frost, and the long stems of the residue should be chopped before incorporating it into the soil. Sunn hemp is a useful spring-sown, summer cover crop. It is also a forage crop for livestock, but because of the seed toxicity, animals should not be allowed to forage on the crop once it begins to flower. It is a suitable cover crop for a vegetable garden, fruit orchard or other permaculture garden. Sunn hemp is not a host of root-knot nematodes and is a useful crop where those pests are prevalent. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No major pests or pathogens. More information on Crotalaria .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 59 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 9 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Papery
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves are narrow. They are unifoliolate, meaning they are a compound leaf with just one leaflet.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Lipped
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Pea-shaped flowers are showy.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Legume
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is an inflated legume pod.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
India and other parts of southern Asia
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Legume

Uses (ethnobotany)

The stems yeild fibers that are useful for cordage, nets, and other articles. It has long been used as a forage crop for animals.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-summer #poisonous seed #yellow flowers #annual #legume #nitrogen fixation #fiber plant
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Dry Soil; Heat
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Seeds
Poison symptoms
Ingesting large numbers of seeds can cause damage to the liver, lungs, heart and nervous system.
Toxic principle
pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Seeds

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.