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Buttonweed

Diodia virginiana (dy-OH-dee-uh vir-jin-ee-AN-uh)

Family: Rubiaceae Native Herbaceous

Virginia buttonweed, is a native, warm-season, mat-forming, herbaceous perennial, broadleaf weed with a spreading, prostrate habit and small white star-shaped flowers. It can be found in swamps, wet meadows, marshes, coastal prairies, and in the mud along streams and ponds. It is considered a weed and can be troublesome in lawns and other disturbed areas of the South; however, it is listed as rare farther north in New Jersey and Indiana. This plant is quite widespread in North Carolina, but typically not found in the northern mountains. It is a member of the madder or coffee family (Rubiaceae). The genus name, Diodia , is from the Greek words: diodos , meaning "thoroughfare." This references this plant's natural habitat. The specific epithet, virginiana, is Latin, meaning "of Virginia." This weed adapts well to a range of soil types, but prefers moist to wet soil and thrives in full to partial sun. Propagated by seeds, it may also spread through stem fragments. Virginia buttonweed forms a dense mat near the ground and has deep roots and rhizomes. Its leaves are simple, green, oppositely arranged, lanceolate, sessile with sheathing stipules. The flowers are small, white, tubular, 4-lobed, and bloom during the summer and fall. Its fruit is a small, oval nutlet. Bees are attracted to this plant. As the Virginia buttonweed decomposes, it serves as a food source for aquatic life. This plant is not recommended for the home landscape due to its spreading nature and its tendency to crowd out other plants. It is also the host of the flea beetle, which can also damage your lawn and garden. Maintaining a healthy lawn will help prevent or reduce the presence of this weed. In some cases, an herbicide application may be necessary for weed control. Weed management should start in early spring as the plant begins to emerge. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: Control of Virginia buttonweed can be difficult in an established lawn. Its extensive root system and ease of reproduction can make it hard to eradicate.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 57 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Perennial; Weed
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Ascending; Erect; Prostrate; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Lanceolate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves are slightly thick, simple, lanceolate, sessile, opposite, with sheathing stipules. The leaves measure 1.25 to 2.5 inches long and up to 1 inch wide. The upper surface is green, the lower surface is a lighter green. The surface is smooth, and the margins are entire. Leaves are joined across the stem by a hairy tissue, known as stipules. They sometimes are mottled yellow due to a virus.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Long Bloom Season; Showy
Flower form
Head
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flowers are white, tubular with 4 spreading lobes, measuring half an inch across. Occasionally, the flower may have pink streaks at the center. The blooms may be singular or appear in pairs. Each flower has four stamens and a flat, branched style. The blooms appear in the leaf axils along the stem from June to November.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Green
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The hairy, green fruit is an oval to an elliptic, leathery capsule or nutlet containing two seeds. It will split open at maturity to release its seeds.
Stem color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
The stems are reddish or green, square, or multi-angled. The edges of the stems may be smooth or longitudinally ridged with hairs. The stems can branch out up to 2 feet from their woody root, and it can root at the nodes.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Central and Eastern United States to Central Mexico and Cuba
Distribution
Native: United States--AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV; Cuba, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast. Introduced: China Southeast, Costa Rica, Japan, Korea, Mexico Southeast, Nicaragua, and Taiwan.
Wildlife value
Preferred host plant for some beetle species. Submerged portions provide habitats for many micro and macro invertebrates that are used as food by fish and other wildlife species (e.g. amphibians, reptiles, ducks, etc.). As dead aquatic plants decompose, it provides food (called “detritus”) for many aquatic invertebrates.
Attracts
Bees
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Garden tags
#white flowers #year-round interest #fall interest #NC native #native weed #perennial weed #summer flowers #wildflower #weedy #pond #wetland #mat forming #herbaceous perennial #poor soil tolerant #rhizomes #spreading #bee friendly #prostrate #high maintenance
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Poor Soil; Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.