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Alehoffs

Glechoma hederacea (gle-KOH-muh hed-er-AYE-see-uh)

Family: Lamiaceae Non-native Herbaceous

Ground ivy is an invasive perennial broadleaf weed in the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is native to Eurasia. This aromatic, evergreen creeper was introduced from Europe and can be quite weedy. It is often found on roadsides, lawns, shady spots, waste places, and thickets. Ground ivy is short and grows horizontally. Its stems are square, and the leaves are bright green, rounded, and heart-shaped with toothed edges. The tubular flowers bloom from April to June and are bluish-purple to light blue. It usually grows to 1 foot or less, branching frequently and forming a low-growing mat of stems and leaves across the ground. The roots form at each leaf node, which helps the plant spread along the ground surface. Ground ivy prefers shade, moist conditions, and fertile, loamy soil where turf is thin or lacks ground cover. It spreads aggressively and is difficult to destroy without resorting to herbicides. In the hot summer weather, it tends to become dormant. It does not tolerate acidic or salt-contaminated soil. Reproduces by seeds and creeping stems. This plant was originally brought to the United States for food and medicinal purposes. Ground ivy is a common lawn weed and is very conspicuous in the spring when its flowers are blooming. It is a difficult weed to control, but maintaining a dense, healthy lawn will help prevent this weed from establishing. It may be removed by hand, but it is essential to remove the entire plant; otherwise, it will reappear. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect problems. It tends to be invasive and is hard to eradicate. It is listed as invasive by the NC Invasive Plant Council. It is also listed as invasive in a report by the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, entitled "The Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas."

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Similar, less problematic Clematis integrifolia

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Weed; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Creeping; Horizontal; Multi-stemmed; Spreading
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Orbicular
Leaf margin
Crenate
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Half to 1 1/2 inch long and wide, green leaves. Scalloped edges, round to kidney-shaped with heart-shaped leaves at base. Leaf produces aromatic aroma when crushed. There is a flat indentation where the long petiole joins the base of a leaf. The pubescent upper surface has conspicuous palmate venation.
Flower color
Blue; Purple/Lavender
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Three to seven blue-violet, half-inch, tubular-shaped flowers in whorls in the leaf axis; the corolla is two-lipped; the lower lip has three lobes. Clusters of flowers develop from the leaf axils. The corolla of each flower is narrow at the base, but flares outward like a trumpet into spreading lobes. There is a notched upper lobe, a notched lower lobe, and 2 smaller side lobes. The lower lobe is larger than the others and functions as a landing pad for visiting insects. It has darker violet lines that function as nectar guides. Within the throat of the corolla, there are fuzzy hairs. Each flower has a single pistil with a divided style, 2 long stamens, and 2 short stamens. The pubescent calyx is about 1/3 the length of the tubular corolla, with 15 veins running along its length and 5 teeth along its outer edge.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Schizocarp
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Upon maturity, each flower is replaced by oval pods containing 4 dark brown nutlets. Each nutlet is ovoid, with 2 flat sides, ,and the outer side is rounded. The fruit is 0.04 inches long.
Stem detail
The 4-angled stems are prostrate to slightly ascending, and often form rootlets near the axils of the leaves when they touch the ground. Leaf nodes often have a fringe of long white hairs
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang
Distribution
Native: Albania, Altay, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Northwest Balkan Peninsula., Poland, Portugal, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Ukraine, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutiya. Distribution: United States: AL, AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WS, and WY; Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland.
Wildlife value
Provides sping-time nector to long tongued bees and other polinators. Can be an attractive gound cover.
Attracts
Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves
Fruit type
Schizocarp

Edibility

Toxic to horses. Leaves are edible by humans. Can be used to create a medicinal tea or used in soups, jams and other dishes.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Before the discovery of hops, ground ivy was used in brewing beer. Has been used as a medicinal plant for cleansing the lungs, kidneys, stomach, and bowels.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#perennial weed #evergreen #spreading #aggressive #creeping #high maintenance #fast growing #weedy #herbaceous perennial #shade tolerant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Problem for Horses; Weedy
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.