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Buckeye

Aesculus californica (ES-kew-lus kal-ih-FOR-nih-kah)

Family: Sapindaceae Unknown Understory (15-40 ft)

Deciduous shrub or sometimes small tree in the maple family (Sapindaceae) with and open flat-topped crown and short trunk. It has an early leaf drop and is deciduous much of the year revealing its smooth silver-gray bark. Branchlets are reddish gray-brown when young. This plant usually breaks dormancy in late winter, but will return to dormancy during hot, dry summer months. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Bagworms, Japanese beetle and borers can be problems. It can suffer from powdery mildew, rust, and anthracnose. Responds to intense heat, wind or drought stress by dropping leaves. All parts of California buckeye are poisonous to humans if ingested. The nectar is toxic to honeybees.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 51 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Poisonous; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in. | Width: 15 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Open
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf size
3-6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Opposite, shiny dark green palmately divided leaves with 5 narrow-elliptic leaflets (each to 6” long) with fine marginal teeth.
Flower color
Pink; White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
Long (4-12”), terminal clusters of creamy white or pinkish fragrant flowers appear from May-June. The stamens are longer than the 5 petals.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit detail
The fruit is a smooth, pear to fig-shaped leathery capsule with 1-3 large, brown, shiny seeds, each with a pale scar (the "buck's eye").
Bark color
Dark Brown; Light Brown; Light Gray; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
Bark is an attractive silvery gray in winter. Branchlets are reddish gray-brown when young.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
California
Wildlife value
Nectar from flowers attracts hummingbirds and butterflies. Tolerates damage by deer.
Attracts
Butterflies; Hummingbirds; Pollinators
Play value
Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Landscape Use
Landscape theme
Winter Garden
Garden tags
#flowering tree #deciduous #winter interest #small tree #hummingbird friendly #deciduous shrub #pink flowers #bagworms #white flowers #poisonous #full sun tolerant #woody shrub #shrub #deer resistant #interesting bark #pollinator plant #bird friendly #butterfly friendly #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #partial shade tolerant #fall interest #wildlife friendly #fragrant flowers
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bagworms in Ornamental Landscapes; Japanese Beetles on Ornamental Landscape Plants
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer
Particularly resistant to
Tolerates damage by deer.
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
Poisonous if ingested. HIGHLY TOXIC, MAY BE FATAL IF EATEN! Poison symptoms include muscular weakness and paralysis, dilated pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, paralysis, and stupor. (Poisonous part: Seeds and tea made from leaves and sprouts; however all parts of the plant are poisonous if ingested.) The nectar is toxic to honeybees.
Toxic principle
Glycoside esculin, saponin aescin, possibly alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.