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Yellow Flag

Iris pseudacorus (EYE-ris su-dah-KOR-us)

Family: Iridaceae Non-native Herbaceous

Yellow flag iris perennial blub in the Iridaceae (iris) family native to Eurasia and Africa. The genus name Iris is named after the Greek Goddess of rainbows and the common name, "flag", comes from an old English word (flagge) for reeds and refers to its natural preference to wetlands. The showy yellow flowers appear in the spring and its bright green sword-shaped clumping foliage reaches up to 3 feet in height. These plants grow aggressively and spread quickly in wet soils including water up to 10 inches deep or the wet muds along a pond. Yellow flag iris spreads by rhizomes and seeds and can quickly overtake native plants in wet sites. Although it prefers full sun and boggy sites, it can adapt to somewhat drier sites in moist to wet gardens. While it is a popular perennial planted at the edge of ponds and waterways, the North Carolina Invasive Plant Council lists yellow flag iris as invasive . Invasive plants are especially threatening to wetland habitats due to their ease of spread through seeds and plantlets, and through their rapid growth. See native plant alternatives in the left-hand column. I nsects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Listed as invasive by the NC Invasive Plant Council. It is also listed as invasive in Virginia and several other northeastern states as well as several northwestern states.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 56 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Iris tridentata Iris versicolor
Similar, less problematic Iris versicolor

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Water Plant; Weed
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Frequent Standing Water | Moist | Occasional Flooding | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Whorled
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Erect sword-shaped leaves are up to 35 inches long and 1.2 inches wide. Parallel venation and smooth margins
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Panicle
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
3-4 inch yellow iris-type flowers with several flowers per stem April to June
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
The fruit is a dry 3-sided capsule 1.5–3 in long, containing numerous pale brown seeds.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The flowering stalk is stout and glabrous
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, north Africa, western Asia
Distribution
It has naturalized in much of the USA
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

The rhizome has been used in herbal medicine. The plant also has the ability to take up heavy metals out of water.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#wet soils tolerant #showy flowers #yellow flowers #HS302 #rhizomes #problem for dogs #problem for cats #problem for horses #high maintenance #fast growing #clumping #aggressive #boggy sites #naturalizes #weedy #dye plant #contact dermatitis #invasive
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs and Snails Found on Flowers and Foliage
Other problems
Weed Management
Problems
Invasive Species; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses; Weedy
Resistant to
Wet Soil
Poison severity
Low
Poison symptoms
Salivation, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, diarrhea. Highest concentration in rhizomes
Toxic principle
Pentacylic terpenoids (zeorin, missourin and missouriensin)
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.