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Fetterbush

Lyonia mariana (ly-OH-nee-ah may-ree-AH-nah)

Family: Ericaceae Native Understory

Fetterbush is a native deciduous shrub in the heath family common to moist sandy sites in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Despite the common name, Piedmont Staggerbush, the plant is rare in the Piedmont and mountains. It is listed as endangered in several northern states. This is a flowering shrub normally producing blooms in spring, but may flower in fall in recently burned areas. Fetterbush is a hardy plant that does best in moist to wet, sandy or peaty, acidic soils in filtered shade to full sun. However, it is adaptable to loamy garden soils with consistent moisture. It spreads by rhizomes. You can use this plant in naturalized areas, as a hedge or in wet sites. It blooms on previous years growth so prune after flowering. It is a decorative plant with a good display of flowers and bright red leaves in the autumn. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 67 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Canopy layer
2 - Understory
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed; Spreading
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen; Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Obovate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Leathery
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Leathery green leaves with red fall color. Ovate leaves covered with fine hairs are 2 to 3 inches long with a pointed tip. Leaf buds are red.
Fall color
Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Pink; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Umbel
Flower shape
Tubular; Urn
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
White or pink, urn-shaped to tubular blooms that droop in umbellate terminal clusters. Blooms from April to May.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Black; Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
Oval 5 parted seed capsule. Displays from September to October. The seed capsule is not edible and splits open when ripe.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
Brown to reddish-brown with long horizontal splits developing.
Stem color
Green; Pink; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Young shoots are either covered with a close soft down or nearly glabrous with a zigzag growth.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Southeastern and central United States including North Carolina
Distribution
East coast of United States, New York to Florida, west of the Mississippi, Texas, north to Ohio.
Wildlife value
Fetterbush is a nectar plant. Members of the genus Lyonia support the following specialized bees: Colletes productu and Melitta (Cilissa) melittoides.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators; Songbirds; Specialized Bees
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Wildlife Cover/Habitat; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

The Cherokee use an infusion of the plant for toe itch, 'ground-itch' and ulcers.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Rain Garden
Design feature
Border; Hedge
Garden tags
#deciduous #specialized bees #native bees #nectar plant #poisonous #shrub #pollinator plant #native garden #NC native #native shrub #food source hard mast fruit #food source nectar #food source pollen #Coastal FAC #Piedmont Mountains FAC #food source fall #butterfly friendly #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #bird friendly #Audubon #bee friendly #fall interest #NC Native Pollinator Plant #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Poor Soil; Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Flowers; Leaves; Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
Signs of Toxicity occur usually within six hours of consuming the plant. Symptoms include lack of coordination, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, weakness, muscular spasms, watering of eyes and nose, slow pulse, colic, ataxia, depression, sweating, tingling of skin, convulsions, paralysis, coma, and sometimes even death. Toxicity in sheep, goats, cattle, and horses is most likely to occur in late winter or early spring when other forage is not available. Livestock are found down, unable to stand with their head weaving from side to side.
Toxic principle
Andromedotoxin, Grayanotoxins
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Flowers; Leaves; Sap/Juice

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.