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Swiss Cheese Plant

Monstera epipremnoides (mon-STER-uh ep-ih-prem-NOY-deez)

Family: Araceae Unknown Vine (vertical)

The Swiss cheese plant is an evergreen, perennial, epiphytic climbing vine that grows up to 13 feet tall and climbs on trees under the forest canopy in the tropical forests of Costa Rica and Panama. It thrives in the mountainous areas of Costa Rica and is a very rare species. The leaves are large, oblong, and measure from 1 to 2 feet long. They have multiple large and small fenestrations throughout the leaf. The leaves resemble the holes found in Swiss cheese; hence, the common name. It is a member of the arum family (Araceae). The genus name, Monstera , is from the Latin word for "monstrous" and references the unusual leaves of its genus. The specific epithet, epipremnoides , reflects this plants resemblance to Epipremnum species. The plant prefers bright indirect sunlight or dappled sunlight, high humidity, and moist, well-drained, organic rich soil. Rainwater or filtered water is recommended. This plant does not tolerate drafts and prefers temperatures between 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. To increase the humidity, a humidifier is recommended or set your plant container on a tray of pebbles covered with water. Clean the leaves with a soft cloth since collected dust can prevent photosynthesis. Pinch off the end of the stems to control the plant's growth. It can be propagated by stem cuttings. This plant is larger and taller and has larger leaves than other Monstera species. Its aerial roots secure themselves to other structures. As a houseplant, the Swiss cheese plant typically grows up to 6 to 8 feet tall. The leaves are light green, broad, leathery, glossy, split, and perforated. Leaf shape changes as the leaves mature from entire to having holes to eventually having perforations often extending to and breaking through the outer edges of the leaves and result in a pinnatifid leaf shape. The flowers are in the form of a spadix and spathe. The Swiss cheese plant is rare commercially and is highly prized by collectors for its unique features.. Quick ID Hints: Leaves contain several large, natural holes Indoor vine with glossy, heart-shaped leaves Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Monitor for whiteflies, red spiders, and mealybugs. Direct sunlight will burn the leaves. Yellow leaves can indicate under or overwatering. If ingested, this plant is toxic to both humans and pets. All parts of the plant are toxic except for its fully ripe fruit. Indoor plants rarely produce fruit. The sap and leaves can cause skin irritation and gloves should be worn when handling this plant.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 54 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Epiphyte; Houseplant; Perennial; Poisonous
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Elliptical; Oblong; Pinnatifid
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves measure 13 to 21 inches long and 13 inches wide, and they are alternate, simple, and 2-ranked. The shape is cordate to oblong-elliptic to rotund. Leaves have oblong holes with some extending to and through the margins. Leaves are glossy, leathery, and have long stems. Juvenile leaves are often entire.
Flower color
Green; White
Flower form
Spadix
Flower detail
Flowers are greenish-white and small. Inflorescence is a spathe and spadix with a long peduncle. The spathe grows up to 1.3 feet tall. The spadix grows up to 7.5 inches long and is covered with small flowers. It sort of resembles a giant Jack-in-the-pulpit bloom.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
White
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Fragrant
Fruit detail
This plant produces a crowded aggregate of white berries that are aromatic.
Stem detail
Stems are thick, long, sprawling, and cling by aerial roots.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Costa Rica to Panama
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

All parts of this plant are toxic except for the fully ripen fruits.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Houseplants
Garden tags
#houseplant #large leaves #interiorscape #moist soil #fantz #fragrant fruits #tropical feel #spadix #container plant #white flowers #white fruits #perennial #problem for dogs #contact dermatitis #problem for cats #problem for children #poisonous to pets #poisonous if ingested
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Fern Scale Insect
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs
Propagation
Leaf Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems
Poison symptoms
If ingested, it can cause mouth, throat, and stomach irritation, inflammation, pain, swelling of the mouth, tongue, lips, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. All parts of the plant are toxic except for the fully ripen fruit.
Toxic principle
Calcium oxalate crystals
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.