Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Cowhage

Mucuna pruriens (muh-KOO-na PRU-ree-enz)

Family: Fabaceae Non-native Vine (vertical)

Velvetbean is a tropical, annual climber in the bean family (Fabaceae). It is native to tropical Africa and Asia, but it has naturalized throughout the American Tropics and parts of Australia. It is cultivated throughout warm regions of the world as a cover crop and forage plant. The species epithet is Latin for “irritating” and refers to the irritating hairs on the fruits. As a summer cover crop, velvet bean is very good at weed suppression, growing rapidly in a wide variety of soil types. It fixes nitrogen and improves soil fertility. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil pH levels, of heat and humidity. Velvetbean is intolerant of frost. Dwarf “bush” cultivars are available and are sometimes easier to manage than the vigorous vining kinds. Velvetbean may be useful in suppressing certain kinds of nematodes, such as the southern root-knot nematode. Use velvetbean as a spring-sown, summer cover crop. To avoid the irritating hairs on the fruits, cut down the crop at the time of flowering. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Velvetbean hosts the velvetbean caterpillar and kudzu bug, both of which can damage soybeans.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 37 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Similar, less problematic Vigna unguiculata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf feel
Papery
Hairs present
Yes
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Green
Fruit type
Legume
Fruit detail
Fruits have a velvety covering of irritating hairs.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Tropical Africa and Asia
Play value
Easy to Grow; Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Legume
Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-summer #heat tolerant #frost tender #annual vine #humidity tolerant #contact dermatitis
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Kudzu Bug; Kudzu Bugs - A Nuisance and Agricultural Pest; Velvetbean Caterpillar in Soybean
Other problems
Managing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Soybean With Cover Crops
Problems
Contact Dermatitis
Resistant to
Heat; Humidity; Poor Soil

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.