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Crow Garlic

Allium vineale (AL-ee-um vin-EE-al)

Family: Amaryllidaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Field Garlic is a common lawn weed in the onion family (Amaryllidaceae) that, while native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, has naturalized in much of the world including the eastern US. It can be found in disturbed areas, along roadsides, thickets, meadows, and woodlands spreading by seeds, aerial bulbils, and bulb offsets below ground. It is a cool-season perennial which means that it emerges in the fall and goes dormant after flowering in the early summer. The scape which appears in the spring through early summer is comprised of a number of small bulbils and a few to no flowers. The leaves are long, thin, and hollow like chives but look similar enough to grass blades you may not notice them growing in your lawn until you mow and smell that familiar onion odor. The leaves, flowers, and bulbs are edible and can be used similarly to chives, although they tend to be a bit tougher. These plants will die back as temperatures increase but will reappear as fall temperatures return. It grows in various soils including heavy clay and prefers partial to full sun. Control: Hand-pull it when the soil is moist, digging out bulblets with a trowel. Mowing does not kill it but can weaken it and prevent seeding. Once established it can be difficult to manage with mechanical measures and it is resistant to pre-emergent herbicides. Bruising the foliage before the application of post-emergence herbicides can help with uptake. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: It grows aggressively spreading by seeds, aerial bullets, and underground bulb offsets and is considered a noxious weed by the USDA. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 63 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Allium canadense Allium sativum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Herbaceous Perennial; Weed
Life cycle
Bulb; Perennial
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 2 in. - 0 ft. 4 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect
Texture
Fine
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Rosulate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Smooth; Waxy
Leaf value
Edible; Fragrant
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Basal, long, thin, hollow leaves with a circular cross-section. Leaves may be straight or curled. Smells pungently of garlic when crushed. Up to 10 inches long and 3/4 inches wide at the base. Linear and sword-shaped and resemble chives.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender; White
Flower value
Edible; Fragrant
Flower form
Umbel
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
A 2 in.-3 in. inflorescence is covered by a sack-like membrane that is rounded at the bottom and pointed at the top. This membrane splits open to release the bulbils and/or flowers. An umbel of flowers or a combination of bulbils and flowers or even no flowers are produced. Flowers are 1/4 inch and white to purplish with 6 tepals.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
3-celled capsule
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Round hairless green scape. The lower stem can have papery remnants of old leaves remain attached. The stem rises high and is naked along its upper half terminating in a cluster of flowers.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, N. Africa, Iran
Distribution
US, South America, Australia
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Flowers
Harvest time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Leaves, flowers, and bulbs. Use similarly to chives or garlic. However, the plant also has poisonous characteristics as noted in the "Poisonous to Humans" section of this record. Toxicity can depend on the age of the person or animal, the age of the plant, the part of the plant ingested, how much is ingested, whether the person or animal has sensitivities or allergies, whether it's eaten raw or cooked, and so forth. Consult with a medical professional for further details.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#edible weed #edible leaves #edible roots #edible flowers #edible bulbs #cool season weed #grass-like #perennial weed #disturbed areas #aggressive #roadside #lawn planting #perennial #lawn weed #cpp #weedy #thicket #bulbils
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bulb Mites
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Urban Conditions
Propagation
Division; Seed
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Leaves; Roots; Stems
Poison symptoms
Only harvest plants with the distinct odor of onions. Can cause low toxicity in humans but has the potential to be poisonous to livestock if consumed excessively. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. (Poison parts: All parts; bulbs, bulblets, flowers, and stems)
Toxic principle
Sulfides
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Leaves; Roots; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.