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Great Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum biflorum (po-lig-oh-NAY-tum by-FLOR-um)

Family: Asparagaceae Native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Solomon's seal is a native herbaceous perennial wildflower found in moist forested areas and roadbanks in the eastern U.S.A. and Canada in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). The plant is said to possess scars on the rhizome that resemble the ancient Hebrew seal of King Solomon. Solomon's seal grows 3 to 6 feet in height. and 2 to 4 feet wide. Plant it in medium to wet average soil in partial to full shade, though it does best with some sun. The seed should be collected and sown in September. If not sown when collected, treatment such as cold-moist stratification will be necessary. Rhizome cuttings may lie dormant for up to one year. Division can be done in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant. The pendulous flowers are creamy white, bell-shaped, 6-parted and appear in the leaf axils.. The flowers are followed by a blue to black berry. Use it in a rain, woodland, shade or cottage garden, the back of a border, or let it naturalize in your yard. Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems: No serious problems. Watch for slugs and snails. More information on Polygonatum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Cypripedium Polygonatum pubescens

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Poisonous; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Smooth
Leaf value
Good Cut; Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The green leaves have distinct parallel veins and reach up to 6 inches long and 3 inches wide.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Green; White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Pendulous 1/2 in. bell-shaped, 6-parted greenish-white flowers produced in leaf axils in groups of 2 to 10.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Black; Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long
Fruit detail
Blue-black inedible (to humans) berries are very showy and appear in September to October, are blue-black and 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide.
Stem detail
Unbranched stem, erect or arching.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern North America, North Carolina
Distribution
AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , ND , NE , NH , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OK , PA , RI , SC , SD , TN , TX , VA , VT , WI , WV , WY Canada: MB , NB , NS , ON , QC
Wildlife value
Roots consumed by mammals. Fruits attract birds.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Roots; Nuts; Shoots
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Young shoots can be boiled for 10 minutes. Rootstock can be eaten after boiled for 20 minutes.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Native Americans used the rhizomes as food. Thesed in herbal medicine. plant is u

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Rain Garden; Rock Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#poisonous #pollinator plant #native garden #drought tolerant #spring interest #butterfly friendly #HS302 #partial shade tolerant #shade garden #white flowers #perennial #herb garden #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #wildflower #edible #herbaceous perennial #cottage garden #wet soils tolerant #woodland garden
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Erosion
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Seed
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits
Poison symptoms
Vomiting, diarrhea.
Toxic principle
Anthraquinone
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.