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Oaks

Quercus laevis (KWER-kus LYE-viss)

Family: Fagaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

The native Turkey Oak can grow as a small tree or shrub. Its native habitat is dry sandy and well-drained soils on ridges in the southeastern coastal plain, such as Carolina bay rims, old beach dunes, early Cenozoic deposits of the Sandhills Province, or inland from the coastal plain on dry ridges and slopes over quartzite or other acidic rock types. It commonly occurs as an understory tree of long-leaf pine forests. It is often considered a weed tree. The stout, spreading branches form a broad, irregular-shaped crown. The foliage is deeply and narrowly lobed causing the leaves with 3 lobes to resemble a turkey foot. Leaves are deciduous, but the brightly colored fall foliage stays on the tree well into winter. The height of 30-40 feet makes this tree able to be used as a shade for smaller yards in well-drained sites of the coastal and Piedmont areas. It is mildly resistant to browsing by deer and drought tolerant. It is a host plant for the larvae of the Imperial moth ( Eacles imperialis ) , as well as numerous butterflies, including Banded hairstreak ( Satyrium calanus ) , Edward's hairstreak ( Satyrium edwardsii ) , Gray hairstreak ( Strymon melinus ) , White-m hairstreak ( Parrhasius malbum ) , Horace's duskywing ( Erynnis horatius ) , and Juvenalis duskywing ( Erynnis juvenalis ) . Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Oaks, in general, are susceptible to a large number of diseases, including chestnut blight, shoestring root rot, anthracnose, oak leaf blister, cankers, leaf spots, and powdery mildew. This tree is highly susceptible to oak wilt. Potential insect pests include scale, oak skeletonizer, leaf miner, galls, oak lace bugs, borers, caterpillars and nut weevils. NOTE: The non-native Quercus cerris is also called Turkey Oak.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 74 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Quercus falcata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Very Dry
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 30 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in. | Width: 20 ft. 0 in. - 35 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Rounded; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Deltoid; Ovate
Leaf margin
Lobed
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
4 to 8 in. alternate, simple leaves with 3 to 7 bristle-tipped lobes. They are shiny green above and paler with a few red hairs along the midvein below. Fall color is red to red-brown and may last well into winter. Leaves hang perpendicular to the ground. The 3-lobed leaves resemble a turkey foot.
Fall color
Brown/Copper; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower form
Catkin; Insignificant
Flower detail
Male flowers are in drooping elongated clusters. Female flowers are sessile or short-stalked in the axils of the leaves. Blooms appear in April.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Nut
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Acorn is brown and 1 inch long with a cap that is thin, reddish-brown with fuzzy scales enclosing about 1/3 of nut. Fruits appear from September-October.
Bark color
Black; Dark Gray
Bark detail
Dark grey to black mature bark is deeply furrowed with irregular ridges, reddish inner bark
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver
Stem detail
Chestnut brown to grey stems with a few hairs.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
South East U.S.A
Distribution
AL , FL , GA , LA , MS , NC , SC , VA
Wildlife value
Oak trees support a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus), which have one flight from June-August everywhere but Florida where they emerge April-May. Edward's Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii), has one flight from May-July in the south and June-July in the north. Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), has three to four flights in the south from February-November and two flights in the north from May-September. White-M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album) has three broods in the north from February-October. Horace’s Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) has three broods in Texas and the deep south from January-November, and two broods in the north from April-September. Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) has one brood from April-June, appearing as early as January in Florida. Provides cover for wildlife and many birds and mammals eat the acorns.
Attracts
Butterflies; Moths; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Wildlife Food Source; Wildlife Larval Host; Wildlife Nesting
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Nut

Edibility

Acorns are edible after tannins are leached or boiled out

Uses (ethnobotany)

The wood is used for fuel or rough construction.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Lawn; Meadow; Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Native Garden; Nighttime Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Shade Tree; Street Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #deer resistant #native tree #oak #poisonous #NC native #shade tree #dry soils tolerant #food source herbage #food source hard mast fruit #mammals #food source fall #sandhills #butterfly friendly #full sun tolerant #shrub #sandy soils tolerant #spring flowers #bird friendly #larval host plant #showy flowers #problem for horses #Audubon #banded hairstreak butterfly #imperial moth #juvenal’s duskywing butterfly #edward’s hairstreak butterfly #nighttime garden #white-m hairstreak butterfly #horace’s duskywing butterfly #gray hairstreak butterfly #moth caterpillar host #partial shade tolerant #coastal plant #fall interest #pollinator plant #wildlife friendly #butterfly caterpillar host
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Common Insect Pests of Oak in North Carolina; Oak Pest Management Calendar
Disease problems
Common Disease Pests of Oak in North Carolina
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Salt; Wind
Propagation
Seed
Fire risk
medium flammability
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Leaves
Poison symptoms
Abdominal pain, constipation then diarrhea (occasionally bloody), depression, frequent urination, discolored urine, jaundice; acorns can obstruct the digestive tract
Toxic principle
Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Leaves

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.