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Carrion Flower

Smilax herbacea (SMIL-aks her-bay-SEE-uh)

Family: Smilacaceae Native Vine (vertical)

Carrion Flower is fragrant. However, the fragrance has been described as 'rotten meat' or 'dead rats'. It is typically found in moist forests, thickets, and wooded banks. It tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers moist soil. The Smooth Carrion Flower is distinguished from other species of Smilax because it is not thorny and it lacks hairs on the underside of the leaf. It also has a very long stem that holds the berry bunch on the vine. The plants of Smilax are dioecious - the male and female flowers are on separate plants and are therefore not self-fertile. Fire Risk: This plant has a high flammability rating and should not be planted within the defensible space of your home. Select plants with a low flammability rating for the sites nearest your home.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Weed; Wildflower
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing; Erect
Foliage
Semi-evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Lanceolate; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Smooth
Leaf value
Edible
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Upper surfaces of the leaves are medium green and smooth, and lower surfaces are pale green. They are ovate-oval to broadly ovate-lanceolate with smooth margins and parallel-veined.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Umbel
Flower shape
Radial
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Individual umbels are about 1½–3" across, consisting of 20-120 flowers on slender pedicels; the umbels resemble a globe when fully developed. It is dioecious; the green to yellowish-green staminate flowers are each ¼" across, with of 6 tepals and 6 stamens with white anthers. The green to yellowish-green pistillate flowers are each ¼" across, with of 6 tepals and a pistil with 3 flattened stigmata. The unpleasant (putrid) smelling flowers attract insects and are pollinated by carrion flies. In North Carolina, the flowers are available from May to June.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Black; Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Individual dark blue berries are about ¼" across and contain about 3-5 seeds. In North Carolina, the fruits are available from August to October.
Stem color
Green; Purple/Lavender
Stem detail
Light green to purple stems are cylindrical, slightly speckled, smooth, and often glaucous.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern Canada and the US, south to Georgia and Alabama
Wildlife value
Berries are eaten by Ruffled Grouse, Wild Turkey, and various songbirds. Leaves are grazed by deer and rabbits. Flowers are pollinated by insects, notably carrion flies which lay eggs in the blossoms.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Fragrance; Screening; Wildlife Cover/Habitat; Wildlife Food Source; Wildlife Nesting
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Roots; Shoots
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Leaves and young shoots are cooked and used like asparagus. The root can be dried, ground into a powder and then used with cereals for making bread. It can also be used as a gelatine substitute.

Uses (ethnobotany)

The fruit has been used to treat hoarseness. Dried and powdered leaves have been used as a dressing on burns. The wilted leaves have been used as a dressing on boils. The essence of the root has been used for back pains, stomach complaints, lung disorders, and kidney problems

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Riparian; Rock Wall; Slope/Bank; Woodland
Landscape theme
Edible Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Barrier; Screen/Privacy; Security
Garden tags
#sandy soils tolerant #moist soil #clay soils tolerant #medicinal #rhizomes #wet soils tolerant #small mammals #glossy leaves #dioecious #well-drained soil #bird friendly #spring flowers #fall interest #food source herbage #fruits fall #piedmont #food source pollen #food source nectar #Coastal FAC #Piedmont Mountains FAC #food source soft mast fruit #food source fall #perennial flowers #partial shade tolerant #shade garden #flowers late spring #showy flowers #mountains #black fruits #NC native #food source summer #spring interest #fruits summer #malodorous #green flowers #summer interest #native garden #shade flowers #fragrant flowers #native perennial #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #Audubon #heavy shade tolerant #coastal plant #showy fruits #perennial #wildlife friendly #meadow #woodland #wildflower #weedy #edible #thicket #wetland #fire high flammability
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Malodorous
Resistant to
Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed
Fire risk
high flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.