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Black wort

Symphytum officinale (sim-FY-tum oh-fiss-ih-NAH-lee)

Family: Boraginaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Referring to the belief that comfrey helped to heal injuries, the scientific name Symphytum comes from the Greek words symphyo or grow together and phyton for plant. Together translating to a plant that heals injuries. It has a long history of use as a medicinal herb for topical and internal injuries, though it is no longer deemed as safe for consumption. It is said that the leaves and roots can be used to treat rashes, swelling, cuts and bruises. One of the many plants called comfrey, this variety grows best in full sun to part shade and well-drained, moist, rich soil. In NC's hot summers, it appreciates some shade from the afternoon sun. It is deer resistant and tolerant to drought and clay soil. Its foliage is a good addition to a compost pile. It can be pruned several times a year and is often used as compost for food crops. A liquid fertilizer can be obtained by soaking the leaves in water for at least one week. The potassium from this plant is great for growing tomatoes. As it easily spreads and will sprout from any root pieces left behind from removal, it can be grown in large containers to better control its spread. Its rapid spreading habit does make it a remarkable candidate for establishing an attractive colony. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or diseases issues. Snails and slugs may damage the foliage. Heavy rains can cause the leaves to droop.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 63 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Herbaceous Perennial; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 9 in. - 2 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Rosulate
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf value
Fragrant; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The large, coarse leaves covered in hair. The base of the upper leaves run down the length of the stem.
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Bluebell-like purple flowers that grow in drooping clusters. Blooms in late spring and early summer, May to June.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Stems are winged.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, W. Asia
Wildlife value
This plant is pollinated by bees.
Attracts
Bees
Food & Medicine

Uses (ethnobotany)

Medicinal use for injuries. The leaves can be used to make an olvie green dye.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Pond; Slope/Bank; Woodland
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Specimen
Garden tags
#clumping #coarse #moist soil #showy flowers #herbaceous perennial #drought tolerant #division #medicinal #tuberous #full sun tolerant #purple flowers #deer resistant #naturalizes #clay soils tolerant #naturalized area #cottage garden #partial shade tolerant #well-drained soil #container plant #rich soils #groundcover #easy to grow #dye plant #colonizing #meadow #woodland #wildflower #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Seed
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
Ingestion can lead to liver damage, lung damage, and cancer. Considered possibly safe to use externally.
Toxic principle
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.