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African Marigold

Tagetes erecta (tah-JEE-tees ee-RECK-tah)

Family: Asteraceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

African marigold is a tender, flowering, herbaceous annual or houseplant in the daisy family (Asteraceae). The genus, Tagetes , is named for an Etruscan deity, Tages, and the specific epithet means erect or upright. Despite its common name, the plant is native to Mexico and Guatemala. There are many cultivars. African marigold does well in full sun, which encourages blooms, but appreciates light afternoon shade; it dislikes full shade. It tolerates clay and dry soil but prefers evenly moist, well-drained soil. It grows best from seed started indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost date. Set plants out after the last frost date. Plants range from 1 to 4 feet high and 1 to 2 feet wide.Tall varieties may need staking, or plant them in sites protected from strong wind or heavy rain to minimize the need for stem support. Spent flowers should be promptly deadheaded, as flower heads are heavy and can cause stems to snap. You can pinch back stems on young plants to promote bushy growth. Seed is the best propagation method. African marigold has a long bloom season with fragrant, colorful, showy flowers that attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Leaves are also fragrant when brushed or crushed. This plant is seldom damaged by deer. Use African marigold in containers and in border, foundation or mass plantings. It is also recommended for butterfly and children’s gardens. Diseases, Insects and Other Plant Problems: Possible diseases include botrytis, leaf spot, phytophthora, powdery mildew and other rots. Potential insects include thrips, slugs and spider mites. Some cultivars have shown good to excellent resistance to phytophthora and fusarium wilt while other cultivars show poor resistance to abiotic disorder and fusarium wilt. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Tagetes .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 73 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Chrysanthemum x morifolium Dahlia Tagetes tenuifolia Zinnia elegans
Fills a similar niche Chrysanthemum x morifolium Coleus scutellarioides Salvia rosmarinus

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Perennial; Poisonous
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches; 12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Mounding
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Opposite
Leaf shape
Lanceolate
Leaf margin
Lobed
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Gland-dotted and aromatic; leaves opposite at the bottom and alternate above, pinnately lobed and appearing divided, the lobes narrow and toothed.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy; Variegated; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Long Bloom Season; Showy
Flower form
Head
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
Yellow, orange, mahogany, bronze, creamy white and bicolor; double solitary 2 to 6 inch flowers blooming on slender heads from early summer to early fall.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Black
Fruit type
Achene
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The stem is striated, sometimes ridged, smooth or slightly with villi, cylindrical, oval and herbaceous to slightly woody, with resin channels in the bark, which are aromatic when squeezed.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Mexico to Guatemala
Distribution
Southern North America
Wildlife value
attracts butterflies
Attracts
Butterflies; Hummingbirds
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Colorful
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Achene

Edibility

Sap or juice can cause a rash.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Popular in the cut flower trade, the plant was gathered for ceremonial and decorative uses by the Aztecs.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Hanging Baskets
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Children's Garden; Fairy Garden
Design feature
Border; Foundation Planting; Mass Planting; Specimen
Garden tags
#fragrant leaves #gold #poisonous #red-brown #deer resistant #long-lasting flowers #fantz #fall interest #spring interest #summer flowers #full sun tolerant #hortcontest #fairy garden #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in the Landscape; Phytophthora Blight and Root Rot on Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials; Fusarium Wilt of Tomato; Southern Bacterial Wilt on Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Deer; Heat
Particularly resistant to
This plant is seldom damaged by deer. Some cultivars have good to excellent resistance to phytophthora and fusarium wilt.
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Roots; Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
Skin redness, burning pain, and blisters when broken skin is in contact with cell sap plus sunlight; nose and eye irritation from the aroma of flowers
Toxic principle
Phototoxic thiophene derivatives
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Roots; Sap/Juice; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.