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Argentinian Vervain

Verbena bonariensis (ver-BEE-nuh bon-ar-ee-EN-sis)

Family: Verbenaceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Tall verbena is a tall upright plant with rounded clusters of small purple flowers, that measure 2 to 3 inches in diameter on long wispy stems. Each flower is about a 0.25-inch purple tube. The leaves are primarily at the base of the plant and form a mounded rosette of green, lance-shaped leaves with serrated margins. The main stem leaves of Tall Verbena have two expanded earlike lobes (auricles) just above the petiole. The similar V. brasiliensis lacks these lobes. The plant is a tender perennial and is hardy from zones 7 to 11. In cooler climates, it is grown as an annual. It tolerates a variety of soil types, average to dry conditions, and full sun. Native bees nest in the dead, hollow stems, so gardeners are encouraged to cut back dead stems to 12 to 24 inches and allow them to remain standing until they disintegrate on their own. Read more about best practices for stem-nesting bees in this NC Extension publication . Tall verbena is native to South America but has naturalized in the United States from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas. It is a weed that spreads by volunteer seedlings. Some sources have labeled it "invasive." Do not allow this species to spread into natural areas and become a problem. Quick ID Hints: perennial up to 2 to 5 feet tall with wispy, wiry, tall stems from foliage at the base of the plant with green, lance-shaped leaves with serrated margins rounded clusters of purple flowers measuring 2 to 3 inches in diameter each bloom is a purple tube measuring 0.25 inches in length Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: This plant has no serious insect or disease problems although powdery mildew can occur. Weedy VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 64 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Verbena aristigera Verbena brasiliensis Verbena x hybrida

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Perennial; Weed
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Texture
Fine
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate; Oblanceolate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Forms a basal clump of lance-shaped, dark green leaves up to 5 inches long. They become more sparse as they go up the stem.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender
Flower value
Good Cut; Long Bloom Season; Showy
Flower form
Cyme; Panicle
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Forms a dense flat-topped cluster of purple flowers spanning about 1-3" across. Individual flowers are about 1/4" across and 1/3" long.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Brown seed capsules
Stem color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Thin but strong green stems with ridges and red markings down the ridges and short white hairs.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
South America
Distribution
Southern USA
Wildlife value
Attracts butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Seeds are eaten by American goldfinches. Dead stems are used by stem-nesting bees.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Hummingbirds; Pollinators
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Colorful; Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Meadow; Naturalized Area; Slope/Bank; Small Space; Walkways
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Children's Garden; Cottage Garden; Cutting Garden; English Garden; Pollinator Garden; Rock Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#purple #lavender #deer resistant #fantz #pollinator plant #fall interest #butterfly friendly #summer flowers #full sun tolerant #landscape plant sleuths course #rabbit resistant #cutting garden #rock garden #pollinator garden #drought tolerant #naturalized area #purple flowers #mass planting #cottage garden #perennial #seeds #hummingbird friendly #bee friendly #border planting #meadow #HS303 #weedy #nesting site #poor soil tolerant #small groups #th-sowing #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Southern Bacterial Wilt on Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Poor Soil; Rabbits
Propagation
Root Cutting; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.