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Bok Choy

Brassica rapa (BRAS-ih-ka RAY-puh)

Family: Brassicaceae Non-native

Pak Choi is a group of plants in the mustard family consisting of various widely cultivated species including pak choi, bok choy, Chinese celery cabbage, Chinese white cabbage, mustard cabbage and choysum. They are annuals to biennials and most grow as a loose head of leaves on a pale stalk. They are grown as a food source commercially or in the home garden. The genus name is Latin for cabbage. Pak Choi grows well in full sun to partial shade in amended, moist, well-drained soil. The optimal soil pH is 6.0-7.5. While it grows slower in less light, it can easily tolerate as little sun as 2 hours a day. It can be directly sown in the garden or planted as seedlings in fall or early spring. Get a soil test prior to planting and fertilize according to recommendations. Plant in spring or fall in fertile moist soils either by directly sowing seeds or using transplants. As they can tolerate light frost, they can survive early spring or late fall plantings. Bury seeds 1/4 to 1/2 in deep and space or thin plants to 6 in apart. Pak Choi can also be grown in containers of a minimum size of 1 gal and depth of 20 in. Plants will mature in about 60 days. Row covers will help decrease insect damage. These are great fall and spring plants for the southern garden and can be picked at various stages from young to mature, either one leaf at a time for a continuous harvest or the whole head at once. If harvesting the leaves, take the largest, outermost ones first. If the plant bolts before harvest, you can harvest the head before the flowers open and use as normal. Plant in the edible garden, in borders or among the perennials for fall and winter interest. Click here to see a calendar of planting schedules, time-to-harvest, and recommended spacing. Problems, Pests and Diseases: aphids, whiteflies, flea beetles, and caterpillars such as cabbage loopers, cutworms, and beet armyworms. Slugs and snails may also be a problem. Diseases include club root, white rust, leaf spot, and rots such as damping off and bacterial soft rot.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 55 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Beta vulgaris Leaf Beet Group Brassica rapa Pekinensis Group Eruca vesicaria

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Cool Season Vegetable; Edible; Vegetable
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Obovate; Orbicular; Spatulate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Fleshy; Glossy
Leaf value
Edible
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Varies per cultivar. Dark green to light green leaves on thick, white to pale green stalks.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Edible
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Cross
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Small yellow 4 petaled flowers. Plants are generally harvested before blooming occurs.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Green
Fruit type
Siliqua
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The beaked fruit is dry and splits open when ripe. Contains anywhere from 10-30 seeds.
Stem detail
Thick whitish stems
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
China
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Flowers; Stems
Fruit type
Siliqua

Edibility

Leaves and stems are edible raw or cooked. While flowering is undesirable, the flowers can be eaten in salads or as garnish as well. It can be stored in the fridge for one to two weeks, but it quickly loses quality in storage.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting
Garden tags
#vegetable garden #edible leaves #vegetable #cool season vegetable #edible fruits #container vegetable garden #edible flowers #problem for horses #container plant #partial shade tolerant #full sun #frequent insect problems #frequent disease problems #edible #microgreens
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs and Snails Found on Flowers and Foliage; Caterpillars Found on Flowers and Foliage; Cabbage Looper on Ornamentals; Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Crucifers
Disease problems
Clubroot of Brassicas; Damping-off in Flower and Vegetable Seedlings; Black Rot of Brassicas
Other problems
Growing Food
Problems
Problem for Horses
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.