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Calendula

Calendula officinalis (ka-LEN-dew-luh oh-fish-ih-NAH-liss)

Family: Asteraceae Non-native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Marigolds are a popular annual with colorful flowers that are easy to grow in average, moderately fertile, well-drained soils in full sun. Marigolds also do well with some shade during hot summers, but become leggy in too much shade. To cultivate Marigolds, you can start seeds indoors about 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost and plant the seedlings or purchased starter plants directly in the garden just after the last frost date. If you are sowing seeds directly in the ground, sow them just before the last front date. As the plants mature, you can pinch them back to encourage compact bushy growth and deadhead spent flowers to promote additional bloom. Marigolds do not do well in hot summer weather or times of drought, but can be cut back to rejuvenate in the fall. They also reseed in the garden. Flowers are edible and have a slightly bitter, tangy, peppery flavor They add color to salads and other dishes. Marigolds attract butterflies and are useful as cut flowers. The flowers make a beautiful yellow dye. Use in the border font or middle to provide all summer long color. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: Susceptible to powdery mildew. Watch for slugs and snails, particularly on young plants, aphids and whiteflies. Cucumber mosaic disease and powdery mildew can cause problems with this plant.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Zinnia elegans

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Herb
Life cycle
Annual
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Mounding
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Oblong; Obovate
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
3-6 inches long
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Aromatic, lance-shaped to oblong-obovate green leaves (to 6” long).
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Edible; Good Cut; Showy
Flower form
Head
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
Single to double flowerheads (3-4” diameter) may have contrasting darker center disks. Deadhead spent flowers to promote additional bloom.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit detail
Seeds ripe from August to November.
Stem detail
sparsely branched lax or erect stems
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Mediterranean
Wildlife value
Attracts butterflies and pollinators
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Flowers
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Achene

Edibility

Flower petals give color to soups, custards, and rice; also used in cookies, vinegars.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Use medicinally for stomach problems, muscle spasms, and other issues. Flowers can be used to make a beautiful yellow dye.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio; Walkways
Landscape theme
Cutting Garden; Edible Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border
Garden tags
#gold #pollinator plant #fall interest #butterfly friendly #summer flowers #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for dogs #stormwater demo garden orange co #full sun tolerant #partial shade tolerant #annual #herb garden #deer resistant #dye plant #edible #wildlife friendly #th-smell #th-taste #th-touch #th-sound
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Deer; Heat; Humidity; Rabbits
Particularly resistant to
Deer and rabbit resistant
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.