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Variegated English Holly

Ilex aquifolium (EYE-leks a-kwee-FOH-lee-um ar-JEN-tee-ah mar-ji-NAH-tah)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Canopy (>40 ft)

Variegated English holly is an evergreen shrub in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is a female cultivar noted for its shiny dark green leaves outlined with creamy white. This plant needs fertile acidic moist soil in full sun to partial shade. Give it additional water during drought conditions and protect from winter winds. It can be pruned in the winter and can be trained to grow as a large shrub. When pruning, keep in mind that next year's blossoms and berries will appear on new growth. It typically grows 15 to 40 feet tall and 10 to 20 feet wide in a pyramidal shape. This shrub will do best in areas with cooler summer nights such as the Pacific Northwest. This cultivar produces red fruits when male pollinizers are present. The beautiful dark green foliage of this shrub has white margins and is often used in Christmas greenery arrangements. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests. English holly is said to be a better ornamental tree than American holly ( Ilex opaca ) ; however, American holly has better winter hardiness. English holly tends to dislike cold winters (below 0 degrees F.) and hot and humid summers. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. More information on Ilex aquifolium .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 64 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Ilex aquifolium Ilex 'Whoa Nellie' Ilex x meserveae
Native alternatives Ilex opaca
Similar, less problematic Ilex opaca

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12-24 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Pyramidal
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate; Undulate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Prickly
Leaf value
Long-lasting; Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Oval shiny green leaves with white margins up to 1 to 3 inches long. The margins are serrated with spines.
Flower color
Pink; White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
This female shrub has small pinkish-white four-petaled blooms in spring.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Small red drupes are produced on female plants when a male plant is present.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Wildlife value
Birds will eat the fruits
Attracts
Bees; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Drupe
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Lawn; Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Barrier; Screen/Privacy; Small groups
Garden tags
#Christmas decorations #evergreen shrub #specimen #red fruits #spines #barrier #landscape plant sleuths course #bird friendly #bee friendly #dioecious #hedge #variegated #privacy #pollinizer
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Spines/Thorns
Resistant to
Deer
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits
Poison symptoms
Minor toxicity. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or other illness in humans.
Toxic principle
Saponins
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.