Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Butterfly milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa (as-KLEE-pee-as too-ber-OH-sah)

Family: Apocynaceae Native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Butterfly weed is a tuberous-rooted, native, herbaceous perennial in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It is found in dry, rocky open woods, glades, prairies, fields, and roadsides across a wide area of eastern and southern North America, including Mexico. The genus name, Asclepias , honors the Greek god of medicine, Asklepios. The species epithet, tuberosa , is Latin and refers to the tuberous roots. The plant is easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun. It is drought-tolerant, moderately salt-tolerant, and does well in poor, dry soils. The plant grows easily from seed, but expect it will take two to three years to establish and produce flowers. Mature plants may freely self-seed in the landscape if seed pods (follicles) are not removed before they split open. Butterfly weed does not transplant well due to its deep taproot and is probably best left undisturbed once established. The plant is upright, typically growing in clumps 1 to 3 feet tall. Unlike many of the other milkweeds, this species has clear sap. This plant was also selected as the 2017 Perennial Plant of the Year® by the Perennial Plant Association. It was selected as the 1985 NC Wildflower of the Year . Butterfly weed is a food source for larvae of the Monarch ( Danaus plexippus ) butterfly, as well as the Milkweed Tussock Moth ( Euchaetes egle ). Be sure to wear gloves when handling butterfly weed, as the clear sap may cause contact dermatitis. Butterfly weed is a great choice for a meadow garden, native garden or pollinator, with showy yellow-orange flower clusters topping its upright stems. Pair it with other plants like native, ornamental grasses and wildflowers, such as asters and purple coneflowers, to create a butterfly habitat. In a perennial border, pair it with torch lilies (Kniphofia) or with cooler blues and purples, such as speedwell (Veronica) . Quick ID Hints: Erect, perennial herb has spiraling, narrow leaves Clear, not milky, sap Axillary cymes of orange flowers are flat-topped Flowers have a corona of hoods and horns Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: This plant is mostly pest-free. Aphids may cluster at the top of the plant. To remedy this problem, knock them off with a strong spray of water every two or three days for a week. Crown rot can occur in wet, poorly drained soils. It is also susceptible to rust and leaf spot.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ Reconciled to full toolbox: matched by slug to slug 'asclepias-tuberosa'. Identity (id/common/scientific name) preserved from the original 87-plant Hunnicutt set; attribute data refreshed from the 70-attribute toolbox scrape.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Asclepias variegata Kniphofia x praecox Narcissus

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Poisonous; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed; Prostrate
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Whorled
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Oblong
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Lance-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped leaves scattered singly along the stem; to 4 in. long, reclining, ascending to somewhat erect, hairy stems that branch toward the summit. Alternate and loosely spiraling, simple, narrow lanceolate to oblong, acute to obtuse, sessile to minutely-petiolate, hispidulous pubescent, 2"-6" long x 1/4"-1" wide.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Good Cut; Good Dried; Long-lasting; Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower shape
Crown; Tubular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Clusters of bright orange to yellow-orange flowers atop upright to reclining hairy stems. The flowers have five sepals, five petals, and five stamens. Deadheading flowers ensures more blooms throughout the season. Axillary, in flat-topped cymose, several-flowered. orange, with some yellowish to vermillion tinges; sepals 5; corolla small, rotate, 5-lobed to 8 mm long; corona conspicuous of 5 "hood lobes" consisting of a hood and incurved horn (hood appendage); stamens 5, fused into a column. Blooms from May to August.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Gray/Silver; Green
Fruit type
Capsule; Follicle
Fruit value
Good Dried; Showy
Fruit size
> 3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
Dehiscent 4- to 5-inch, spindle-shaped follicle seed pods release silky-tailed seeds, which are dispersed by wind. Displays from August to September
Stem color
Green
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern and southern United States
Wildlife value
The flowers are a nectar source for many butterflies and insect pollinators. The plant is a larval host plant for monarch (which appear in the spring and summer and may have one to three broods in the north and four to six broods in the south), gray hairstreak, queen, and milkweed tussock moth caterpillars.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Hummingbirds; Moths; Pollinators; Specialized Bees
Host plant for
monarch (which appear in the spring and summer and may have one to three broods in the north and four to six broods in the south), gray hairstreak, queen, and milkweed tussock moth caterpillars
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Wildlife Larval Host
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule; Follicle

Uses (ethnobotany)

Has been used medicinally in herbal medicine in small doses. Stems have been used as a source of fiber.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Patio; Rock Wall; Small Space; Walkways
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Rock Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#highly beneficial coastal plants #salt tolerant #honey bees #Monarch butterfly #fire medium flammability #fantz #pollinator plant #native garden #larval host plant #red flowers #native perennial #yellow flowers #NC Native Pollinator Plant #orange flowers #summer flowers #NC native #native wildflower #food source nectar #food source pollen #food source herbage #food source fall #spring interest #bird friendly #butterfly friendly #moth caterpillar host #HS302 #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #roadside #flowers mid-summer #flowers late spring #flowers early summer #nighttime garden #nectar plant late summer #nectar plant early summer #nectar plant late spring #nectar plant mid-summer #stormwater demo garden orange co #full sun tolerant #partial shade tolerant #wilson mg plant sale 2021 #container plant #buncombe county sun and shade garden #moth friendly #wildlife friendly #meadow #cpp #wildflower #herbaceous perennial #butterfly caterpillar host #rabbit resistant #deer resistant #HS111 #HS303 #fiber plant
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants; Milkweed Bug
Problems
Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Erosion; Rabbits; Salt
Particularly resistant to
This plant is resistant to damage by deer.
Propagation
Root Cutting; Seed
Fire risk
medium flammability
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems
Poison symptoms
Can cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, lethargy, and confusion if eaten in quantity. Sap can cause contact dermatitis and eye irritation.
Toxic principle
Cardiac glycosides and resinoids
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.