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Australian Tree Fern

Sphaeropteris cooperi (sfay-ROP-teris koo-PER-ee)

Family: Cyatheaceae Unknown Canopy (>40 ft)

The Australian tree fern is a medium to large, fast-growing, ornamental, tropical, evergreen fern that is native to New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. It can reach the height of 15 to 25 feet tall and 10 to 12 feet wide, but up to 50 feet tall in the wild. Its form resembles a martini glass with gracefully arching fronds emerging from a skinny trunk. It has a single, scale covered trunk and long, lacy, feathery, green, bipinnately compound fronds. This tree is a member of the tree-fern family (Cyatheaceae). This tree prefers partial to full shade and moist, well-drained, loamy, sandy soil. The soil should be kept moist consistently, and it also requires a warm and humid environment with temperatures ranging from 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. It is propagated by spores. The bark of this fern is brown, fibrous, and there are oval leaf scars encircling the trunk. The fronds are delicate, medium-green, bipinnately compounded, and can reach up 13 to 20 feet in length. The stipes or stems of the fronds will fall off when the fronds die, leaving oval scars on the brown scaly stems. Young fronds are known as fiddleheads and have stiff white hairs. The brown sori appear in a single row on the undersides of the leaflets, close to the midrib. The Australian tree fern is easy to grow and is often used gardens or public areas. In climates such as North Carolina, it may be used as a tropical container specimen seasonally on a patio or deck. If grown indoors, it will require a bright and humid location such as a sunroom or bathroom. This tropical plant may grow to tall as an indoor plant and may be best reserved for conservatories or greenhouses. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Monitor for spider mites and mealybugs. It is usually resistant to diseases. Root rot can occur from watering the crown; therefore, it is best water at the base of the trunk. Rapid changes in temperature or humidity can cause browning of the fronds. This tree has naturalized in some forests in Hawaii and is considered invasive. This tree has weedy tendencies. VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington , Director of JC Raulston Arboretum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 49 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Fern; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 12 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect; Open
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately); Fronds
Leaf arrangement
Whorled
Leaf shape
Lanceolate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are green on the upper side and pale green on the underside. They are evergreen, whorled, odd-pinnately compound, lanceolate with entire margins. The leaf blade is 1 to 1.5 feet long and each leaflet is less than 2 inches long. The fronds can reach up to 13 to 20 feet long. The large fronds that have a delicate and lacy appearance. The fiddle heads have stiff white hairs.
Flower detail
Non-flowering
Fruit detail
No fruits. This plants reproduces via spores.
Bark color
Light Brown
Bark detail
The bark is brown and fibrous. Trunk is skinny has oval-shaped leaf scars from old fronds in a diagonal pattern encircling the trunk.
Stem color
Brown/Copper
Stem detail
The stems are brown and scaly.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Eastern Australia
Distribution
Native: New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Introduced: Azores, Cape Provinces, Hawaii, KwaZulu-Natal, Madeira, Mauritius, New Zealand North, Réunion, Tanzania, Vanuatu, Victoria, Western Australia
Play value
Easy to Grow; Shade; Textural
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio; Pool/Hardscape; Woodland
Landscape theme
Children's Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Accent; Specimen
Garden tags
#fronds #fern #lacy leaves #tropical feel #deer resistant #container plant #woodland #weedy #partial shade tolerant #spores #non-flowering #dappled shade #slow growing #fine texture #full sun tolerant #acidic soils tolerant #ornamental tree #greenhouse plant #conservatory plant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Heavy Shade
Particularly resistant to
Heavy shade, Deer

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.