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Atlantic Poison Oak

Toxicodendron pubescens (toks-ee-ko-DEN-dron pew-BES-ens)

Family: Anacardiaceae Native Shrub

Poison Oak is a native, deciduous, erect, low-growing shrub. It is a member of the Anacardiaceae or Sumac family. The shrub can grow up to 10 feet tall but usually averages 2-4 feet in height. Other common names include Atlantic Poison Oak and Eastern Poison Oak. The shrub is common to the coastal plains of North Carolina but rarer in the piedmont. They are native to the central and eastern United States. The genus name, Toxicodendron , is Greek and a combination of two words. Toxikos, tranlates to "poison" and d endron, meaning "tree." The species name, pubescens , means "covered with fine hairs." The shrub is found in dry and sandy areas in forests, natural areas, or thickets. Although much appreciated by wildlife, this species is best left in the wild. It is not recommended for most gardens. Poison Oak's roots are rhizomes, and the shrub often forms large colonies. Their leaves are green, alternate, and the upper and undersides of the leaf are pubescent. The leaves tend to crowd towards the ends of the stems. In the fall, the leaves are vibrant orangish-red. Flowers appear in the spring and are panicles of yellowish-green blooms. Late spring, clusters of pubescent greenish-white to tannish-white drupes appear. Birds are attracted to the fruits, and they spread the seeds. The stems are also pubescent, and the bark is smooth and light brown. P oison Oak contains the toxin Urushiol, which is also found in Poison Ivy and Poison Sumac. All parts of this plant are poisonous and will cause severe skin redness, itching, blistering, and swelling. Symptoms may occur through direct contact or by cross-contamination of clothing/tools that have been in contact with the plant. Contact with smoke from a burning shrub may also result in symptoms. It is never safe to handle this shrub in any stage of its growth or even when dormant. Always wear protective clothing to prevent contact with this plant. Thoroughly wash your hands, clothing, and tools with soap and water after exposure. The distinctive features of the Poison Oak include: alternate compound leaf with 3 Oak-like leaflets lobed or toothed margins finely pubescent stems and leaflets low erect shrubs found in dry areas

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 67 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Sand
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Obovate
Leaf margin
Dentate; Lobed
Leaf feel
Leathery
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves resemble the leaves of the White Oaks tree. They usually are crowded at the end of the stem. They appear alternately and are trifoliate. The leaf shape is ovate to elliptic. They may be lobed or have toothed margins. The leaves are typically leathery in texture, dark green to yellowish-green, and pubescent on both sides. In the fall, the leaves turn a vibrant reddish-orange.
Fall color
Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Flower form
Panicle
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flowers appear in panicles. Each flower has five greenish sepals, five yellow-greenish petals, and five stamens. The filament of the stamens is green, and the anthers are yellow. The blooms are small and rather inconspicuous. They typically bloom in the spring from March to April.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Cream/Tan; Green; White
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Tight clusters of greenish-white unripe berries appear in late spring. When ripened, they turn a tannish-white. They measure 0.25 inches in diameter and are pubescent. Birds are attracted to their fruit.
Bark color
Light Brown
Bark detail
The bark is light brown and smooth. Lenticels are present.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver
Stem detail
The stems are slender, grayish-brown, and slightly hairy or glabrous. The buds are velvety in texture.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
central and eastern United States
Distribution
USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV Introduced: USA--IL; Czechoslavakia
Wildlife value
Birds are attracted to the berries. Deer will eat the leaves and fruits.
Attracts
Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Spring
Fruit type
Drupe

Edibility

toxic if ingested.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden
Garden tags
#non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #shrub #contact dermatitis #deer browsing plant #poisonous #poisonous if ingested #wildlife friendly #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Dry Soil
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
Skin redness, itching, swelling and blisters.
Toxic principle
Urishiol
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Bark; Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.