Poison Sumac

Toxicodendron vernix (toks-ee-ko-DEN-dron VER-niks)

Family: Anacardiaceae Native Understory

Poison sumac is a native, deciduous, erect shrub or small tree in the Anacardiaceae ( sumac) family native to eastern Canada as well as east-central and eastern United States. They are typically found in the coastal plains of North Carolina, rarely seen in the piedmont or mountain sections of North Carolina. The genus name, Toxicodendron , is Greek and a combination of two words. Toxikos means "poison." Dendron means "tree." The species name, vernix , is Latin and means "varnish." Other common names include thunderwood and swamp sumac. Found growing primarily in bogs, marshes, swamps, and thickets along river banks, it prefers acidic soil and full to partial sunlight. It has an open crown and grows to 25 feet in height with a trunk 6 inches across. It often sprouts at the base of the shrub or tree. Poison sumac leaves are dark green, alternate, and compound with 7-13 leaflets. In the fall the leaves turn a brilliant orangish-red color. The flowers are greenish-yellow with 5 petals and appear in dangling panicles. Birds and rabbits are attracted to the ripening yellowish-white drupes. The stems are reddish, and the bark is smooth and grayish brown with lenticels. Poison sumac resembles a young ash tree, however, ash trees have opposite instead of alternate leaves, and its fruits are winged samara instead of drupes. Although much appreciated by wildlife, this species is best left in the wild. It is not recommended for most gardens. Poison Sumac contains the toxin Urushiol, which is also found in Poison Ivy and Poison Oak and all parts of this plant are poisonous and will cause skin redness, itching, blistering, and swelling. Inflammation and fluid can accumulate in the lungs from inhaling the smoke from burning Poison Sumac, which can be fatal. Always wear protective clothing to prevent contact with this plant. Thoroughly wash your hands, clothing, and tools with soap and water after exposure, Quick ID Features: l ong, smooth, alternate leaves with 7-13 leaflets and entire margins red stems or rachis connecting to the leaflets black sap from the trunk grows in swamp or moist flooded areas Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 71 attributes.