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Chinese Elm

Ulmus parvifolia

Family: Ulmaceae Non-native Understory

Chinese elm is a large ornamental deciduous shade tree in the Ulmaceae (elm) family native to China, Korea, and Japan. It is a tough, durable, upright tree that grows quickly to 40 to 60 feet tall and wide and is easy to transplant. Winter interest is provided by the exfoliating bark that appears in shades of brown, tan, gray, olive, or cinnamon. Plant in the full sun to partial shade and while it is adaptable to different soil and pH types, it prefers well-drained soil. It tolerates being planted in wet sites and is moderately salt tolerant. There is great variability among seedlings, and there are many cultivars available. Chinese Elm makes a shade-resistant street or urban tree that is resistant to Dutch elm disease and air pollution. Unfortunately, it has very low wind resistance and has the potential to be weedy through self-seeding in surrounding landscapes. It is used in bonsai. Consider native alternatives to this invasive tree such as Acer rubrum (Red Maple), Betula nigra (River Birch), Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam), Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry), Chionanthus virginicus (Fringe Tree), Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) and Ulmus americana (American Elm). 'Emer 11' is a medium-sized cultivar of the Chinese elm. It has resistance to Dutch elm disease and is unaffected by the elm leaf beetle, as well as leaf scorch, dieback and cold winters. Its most distinctive feature is its fluted trunk which exhibits showy exfoliating bark in shades of green, gray, orange, and brown. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious issues, occasional insects affecting this plant can include leaf miners, beetles, mealy bugs, scale, caterpillars and borers. Diseases can include wilts, rots and cankers. More information on Ulmus parvifolia .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 54 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
24-60 feet; more than 60 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Narrow, dark green leaves turn a dull yellow in the fall.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower detail
Late summer will bring on insignificant reddish-green flowers.
Bloom time
Fall
Fruit type
Samara
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Single seeded, each seed is surrounded by a flatted papery wing.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Dark Gray; Green; Orange
Bark detail
It boasts attractive, multicolored bark.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
China
Play value
Colorful; Shade
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Samara

Uses (ethnobotany)

Great as a shade tree and street tree.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden
Design feature
Shade Tree; Street Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous tree #medium size tree #wet soils tolerant #air pollution tolerant #dry soils tolerant #clay soils tolerant #drought tolerant #urban conditions tolerant #shade tree #street tree #tree #broadleaf
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle; Elm Sawfly; Larger Elm Leaf Beetle; Native Elm Bark Beetle; Elm Lace Bug; Mourning Cloak Butterfly / Spiny Elm Caterpillar; Elm Leafminer; Elm Leafminer; Elm-Grass Root Aphid; Elm Zigzag Sawfly; Common Insect Pests of Elm in North Carolina
Disease problems
Common Diseases of Elm Trees in North Carolina
Resistant to
Diseases; Drought; Dry Soil; Urban Conditions; Wet Soil

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.