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Giant Yucca

Yucca gigantea (YUK-ah jy-GAN-tee-ah)

Family: Asparagaceae Unknown Understory (15-40 ft)

The giant yucca or spineless yucca is a tropical perennial grown for its stunning foliage. It is a popular, low-maintenance indoor and outdoor plant that presents as a large, upright succulent shrub or small tree. It is native to Central America and is a member of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). Unlike other species of Yucca , this plant does not have sharp, spine-tipped leaves. It was formerly known as Yucca elephantipes, whose specific epithet referred to the plant's thick trunk that resembles an elephant's foot. Outdoors, this plant can grow up to 15 to 30 feet tall and 15 to 25 feet wide. If grown as a houseplant, it will be much more compact. The giant yucca prefers full sun, and moist, well-drained, loam and sandy soil. For houseplants, one part potting mix and 3 parts perlite or sand is recommended to provide good drainage. This plant is drought tolerant, and overwatering can be problematic. Indoor temperatures and humidity levels are adequate for this plant but keep it away from cold drafts or sudden temperature changes. When grown outdoors, it thrives in warm climates with temperatures between 70 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The plant is winter hardy in USDA hardiness zones 10 to 12. It will need to be brought indoors when the temperature drops below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Cold and freezing temperatures can lead to plant damage and dieback. This plant can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and from suckers found at the base of the tree or shrub. The giant yucca has evergreen, smooth, spineless, leathery, stiff leaves that are pale green to blue-green, linear or lanceolate with soft tips. The leaves are arranged in spiral rosettes and can measure 12 to 18 inches long. The flowers bloom in late spring or summer and are creamy-white and bell-shaped that present in clusters on tall stalks. The fruit is oval, fleshy, and brown and does not appear to attract wildlife. The trunk of the plant is thick and woody. The giant yucca can be used in the garden or indoors. It can be used as a container plant on a patio or planted in beds or borders for a coastal or tropical appearance. Indoors, this plant's striking vertical structure is a perfect accent for your home. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: The giant yucca is generally free of insects and diseases. Monitor for mealybugs, aphids, scale, black weevil, and yucca moth borers. Overwatering can cause root rot. Avoid planting near foundations due to its massive base. As the plant matures, it will be very difficult to remove. The leaves and roots are toxic to humans, cats, dogs, and horses.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 59 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Houseplant; Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub; Succulent; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12-24 feet
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in. | Width: 15 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Irregular; Multi-stemmed; Open
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Blue; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Linear
Leaf margin
Dentate; Entire
Leaf feel
Leathery; Smooth
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are arranged in spiral rosettes and are sword-like, linear, or lanceolate-shaped and can measure 12 to 18 inches long. They are soft tipped, flexible, pale green to bluish-green, and the margins may be entire or have small teeth. The leaves are stiff, leathery, evergreen, smooth, and spineless.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower shape
Bell
Flower detail
They have large creamy white to white bell-shaped flowers that appear in clusters and bloom on 2 to 3 feet tall stalks in late spring to summer. Houseplants rarely flower.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is oval, brown, fleshy, and measures 0.5 to 1-inch in diameter. It is not showy and does not attract wildlife.
Bark color
Light Gray
Stem color
Green
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Central Mexico to Central America
Distribution
Native: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, and Panama. Introduced: Ecuador, El Salvador, Leeward Islands, Portugal, Puerto Rico, and Spain.
Attracts
Hummingbirds; Moths
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Flowers

Edibility

The flowers are edible and can be used in salad. They are rich source of calcium and potassium.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Container; Houseplants; Patio
Design feature
Accent; Border; Small Tree; Specimen
Garden tags
#rabbit resistant #easy to grow #drought tolerant #white flowers #small tree #container plant #full sun tolerant #shrub #multistemmed #deer resistant #evergreen #houseplant #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #leathery leaves #poisonous if ingested #poisonous leaves #edible flowers #problem for children #tropical feel #succulent #tropical evergreen #tropical #foliage #hortcontest
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Rabbits
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Leaves; Roots
Poison symptoms
If ingested, toxic to humans, pets, and horses. Symptoms for humans: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness; Symptoms for dogs and cats: vomiting; Symptoms for horses: liver disease; The highest concentration of saponins is found in the roots and leaves of the plant. The sap of the plant can cause minor rashes.
Toxic principle
saponin
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Leaves; Roots

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.